摘要
天基可见光(space-based optical,SBO)监视是空间态势感知的重要手段之一.传统的天基观测平台都需要在自身精密星历已知的情况下,通过对目标的测量,确定其状态.而本文提出了自主天基空间目标监视的概念,天基可见光观测平台在自身精密星历未知时,也可以完成空间态势感知任务.与传统的目标跟踪不同,此方法只需依靠平台获取的在惯性系下描述的仅测角测量信息,便可实现自主定轨.结合长弧段的观测数据,本文给出了基于历史数据的事后自主轨道改进算法.通过分析发现,观测卫星对其他目标观测的历史数据也可用于改进原有的被观测目标的轨道.基于此,本文提出了通过额外测量量辅助下的实时自主跟踪策略,可通过单星搭载多SBO相机,对多目标同时跟踪的方式实现.最后,本文通过仿真算例验证了所提出方法的可行性.与传统的空间目标跟踪相比,虽然自主跟踪的精度较低,但在同时跟踪两目标时,尤其是在同时跟踪低轨和高轨两目标的情况下,估计精度能接近传统方法的水平.本文为发展自主天基空间态势感知平台提供了可行的方法.
Space-based optical(SBO)surveillance is one of the important means of space situational awareness.Traditional space-based observational platforms cannot operate autonomously because accurate ephemeris needs to be obtained before determining the states of the observed objects.In this article,the concept of autonomous space-based surveillance is proposed.A space-based optical observation platform can carry out space situational awareness(SSA)autonomously using the obtained angle-only measurements,even if an accureate ephemeris is unknown.In contrast to traditional space object tracking,the states of an observed space object can be determinted by only using the obtained angle-only measurements.In combination with long-arc observational data,an autonomous orbit improvement algorithm based on historical data is presented.The orbit of the original object can be improved by using historical observational data obtained by observing other space objects.Thus,a real-time autonomous tracking strategy with the assistance of additional measurements is presented,which can be performed by tracking multiple space objects using an observational satellite that has a payload of multiple SBO sensors.Finally,the proposed method was demonstrated by simulation cases.Compared with traditional object tracking,the estimation accuracy of autonomous tracking is worse but it will be similar when an observational satellite tracks two objects at the same time,especially if one of them operates in low earth orbit.This paper provides a feasible method for the development of an autonomous space-based SSA platform.
作者
胡云鹏
黎克波
陈磊
HU YunPeng;LI KeBo;CHEN Lei(College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;Academy of Military Sciences,Unmanned Systems Research Center,National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology,Beijing 100071,China)
出处
《中国科学：技术科学》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期424-434,共11页
Scientia Sinica(Technologica)
基金
湖南省自然科学基金(编号:2019JJ50736)资助项目。
关键词
空间态势感知
天基可见光观测
空间目标自主跟踪
轨道改进
仅测角测量
space situational awareness
space-based optical observation
autonomous tracking
orbit improvement
angles-only measurements
