摘要
2018年以来,中美贸易摩擦不断升级,美国对中国出口商品采取加征关税的方式,给中国不同行业的企业造成了一定程度的影响。本文通过加征关税是否超过企业自身能承受的最大关税为基准,将企业所处的行业分为危险行业和非危险行业,并基于2017-2019年上半年粤浙闽三省份500家外贸型企业调研数据,使用倾向得分匹配倍差法(PSM-DID)研究了加征关税对不同行业企业出口的影响差异。实证结果表明,危险行业的企业相对于非危险行业的企业,对美出口量有明显的下降,且民营企业相对其他所有制类型的企业出口量下降更为明显。进一步研究表明,出口量的下降引起了雇工人数的减少,并使基本人工成本相对下降,因此危险行业的企业和民营企业更值得引起社会的高度重视。因此,国家应积极出台相关政策,为中小型出口企业提供补贴和融资渠道,加强员工技能培训,降低对美国市场的依赖,加快形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。
In the background of Sino-US trade friction,the United States has imposed tariffs on Chinese exports since 2018,which has caused a certain degree of influence on Chinese enterprises in different industries.This paper divides the industry in which the enterprise is located into dangerous industries and non-dangerous industries based on whether the tariffs exceed the maximum tariffs that the enterprise can withstand,and based on the survey data of 500 foreign trade enterprises in the three provinces of Guangdong,Zhejiang and Fujian in the first half of 2017 to 2019,using PSM-DID method to analyze the impact of additional tariffs on the exports of enterprises in different industries.The results show that the enterprises in the dangerous industry have a significant decline in the export volume to the US compared with the enterprises in the non-dangerous industries,and the decline in the export volume of private enterprises relative to other types of enterprises is more obvious.Further research shows that the decline in export volume has reduced the number of employees,and the basic labor costs has decreased.Therefore,enterprises in the dangerous industry and private enterprises are worthy of high attention.Finally,this article proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the national and enterprise levels to adapt to the new development pattern of dual cycles.
作者
丁守海
徐政
Ding Shouhai;Xu Zheng(Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)
出处
《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期72-79,共8页
Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(中国人民大学科学研究基金)(21XNH190)。
