摘要
【目的】研究密度和行距配置对甘蓝型油菜苗期生长的影响及其与产量形成的关系,为进一步提高油菜产量、缩小产量差,明确密植油菜产量调控机制奠定理论基础。【方法】2016—2017年选用华杂62(常规株型,简称HZ62)、2017—2018年选用华杂62和品系1301(紧凑株型)设置密度15×104(D1)、30×104(D2)和45×104株/hm2(D3)为主区,行距15(R15)、25(R25)和35 cm(R35)为副区,研究不同密度和行距配置下,不同器官干物质累积和分配、茎秆和叶片碳氮代谢、根系活力和成熟期产量的变化。【结果】增加密度后,油菜个体生长受到明显抑制,表现为成熟期根颈粗、根干重、地上部干重以及株高均降低,有效分枝数减少,同一密度下缩小行距后降幅减小,D1、D2和D3密度条件下,在行距R25、R15和R15时各指标均表现最佳。与传统的密度行距配置(D1R25)相比,增加密度缩小行距(D3R15)后,2017—2018年,HZ62和1301两品种单株产量分别降低了57.14%和55.73%,但群体产量增加了21.55%和30.92%。相关性分析结果表明苗期叶片干物质分配率与单株产量呈极显著正相关关系,茎秆和根系干物质分配率与群体产量呈显著或极显著正相关关系。进一步分析苗期各器官生长指标发现,密度增加后,苗期叶片SPAD值、单株根系生物量、伤流量、根系活力均显著降低,而群体叶面积指数(LAI)和根系生物量显著增加;同一密度下,通过调节行距、减小株行距差异时,单株油菜叶片SPAD值、叶片和茎秆C/N、群体LAI及根系生物量增加,为成熟期产量奠定了基础。2017—2018年,与D1R25相比,D3R15处理下,HZ62茎秆C/N下降了22.95%,单株根系生物量、伤流量和活力分别降低了35.60%、16.07%和15.51%,叶片C/N和群体根系生物量则分别增加了16.11%和83.44%;1301茎秆C/N下降了19.71%、单株根系生物量、伤流量和活力分别降低了30.87%、22.63%和22.85%,叶片C/N和群体根系生物量则分别�
【Objective】The relationship between seedling growth and yield formation of Brassica napus L.under different densities and row spacings was studied,which laid a theoretical foundation for further increasing yield and reducing yield gap,and it also helped to understand the mechanism of yield regulation in rapeseed with high-density planting.【Method】The genotype HZ 62 was selected as the test material in 2016-2017,and HZ 62 and variety 1301,with different plant architecture,were grown in 2017-2018.The planting density was set as main plots at 15×104 plants/hm2(D1),30×104 plants/hm2(D2)and 45×104 plants/hm2(D3),with the row spacing as subplots of 15 cm(R15),25 cm(R25)and 35 cm(R35).The changes of dry matter accumulation and distribution in different organs,carbon and nitrogen metabolism in stem and leaf,root activity and yield at maturity were studied.【Result】The results showed that:the root diameter,root dry weight,shoot dry weight and plant height decreased at maturity,and the effective branch number decreased with increased plant density,and the decrease rate became smaller with narrowing row spacing at the same density.Under the density of D1,D2 and D3,the above indices had the best performance at R25,R15 and R15.Compared with D1R25,the yield of HZ62 and 1301 decreased by 57.14%and 55.73%respectively,but the population yield increased by 21.55%and 30.92%in 2017-2018 under D3R15.The correlation analysis showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation between leaf dry matter allocation rate and individual plant yield,also,between stem and root dry matter allocation rate and population yield.Further analysis of the growth indexes showed that with the increase of plant density,leaf SPAD value,root biomass per plant,root bleeding sap and root activity decreased significantly,while the root biomass increased significantly.Under the same density,the leaf SPAD value,leaf and stem C/N ratio,leaf LAI and root biomass of the population increased by adjusting row spacing and decreasing the diff
作者
蒯婕
李真
汪波
刘芳
叶俊
周广生
KUAI Jie;LI Zhen;WANG Bo;LIU Fang;YE Jun;ZHOU GuangSheng(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070;College of Agriculture,Jinhua Polytechnic,Jinhua 321007,Zhejiang;National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Beijing 100125;Hubei Provincial Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Station,Wuhan 430070)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期2319-2332,共14页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31671616)
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-12)。
关键词
油菜
密度
行距
苗期性状
产量
rapeseed
density
row spacing
seedling traits
yield
