摘要
佛教的中观之所以为我们该采取的态度,其语言层面的原因在于维特根斯坦在他的后期哲学中所表明的:语言没有先天本质意义,语言的意义是在历史实践中形成的。因而就一个概念的使用来说,每一种使用规则都平等可行,没有一种规则在理论上绝对比其他规则更理想或更正确。我们执著于某一命题实际上是不自觉地执著于通达此一命题的语法,即我们使用概念的方式,是主体使用概念的方式,而不是判断主体本身,决定了一命题最终言说了什么。这也是维特根斯坦说"本质在语法中道出自身"时所表达的。若概念使用方式发生改变,即使是相同主体,也会得到不同判断。新命题被提出就是为治疗人们对旧命题语法的执著。公孙龙和僧肇都提出了新命题,但又或多或少执著于它们,因而并没有真正做到中观。
The reason why madhyamika is the proper attitude we should take is that every use of a word is possible and equal, as Wittgenstein shows in his later philosophy. No use is more ideal or more correct than others since words have no such thing as a priori meaning. When we insist on a proposition, we actually insist on the rules that make a proposition such a proposition. New propositions with new rules are given as therapeutic methods to the insistence of the old ones. Gongsun Long and Seng Zhao gave new propositions successfully, but they both insisted on the new ones more or less. This shows they have not taken the attitude of madhyamaka.
作者
乐旭顺
Le Xushun(College of Philosophy,Wuhan University,Wuhan,China)
出处
《社会科学论坛》
2021年第3期56-68,共13页
Tribune of Social Sciences
关键词
遵守规则
中观
白马非马
物不迁
综观
治疗型哲学
follow the rules
madhyamika
White Horse is not Horse
Things are not Moving
comprehensive understanding
therapeutic philosophy
