摘要
叠氮化铅和斯蒂芬酸铅作为最常用的起爆药,在军事和民用方面具有广泛应用,但对环境和人体有严重危害。因此,开发新型绿色起爆药是重要的发展趋势。本研究围绕四唑、呋咱、稠环、配位化合物、叠氮化铜以及纳米铝热剂六类新型起爆药的合成和性能等进行了综述,分析了六类起爆药的优点以及存在的问题:四唑类爆轰性能优异但安全性能较低;呋咱类具有较高的密度,同时氧平衡较好;稠环类化合物的热稳定性高感度低,安全性好;配位化合物通过改变金属离子,配体以及阴离子能够实现感度与能量的调控;叠氮化铜起爆能力很强,但静电感度极高;纳米铝热剂能量密度高,合成简单,绿色环保,但难以实现快速燃烧转爆轰;除叠氮化铜和纳米铝热剂外,其余四类起爆药合成工艺复杂,产率较低。因此,在确保起爆能力强的前提下,降低感度和简化工艺是起爆药下一步工作的重点。
As the most commonly used primary explosives,lead azide and lead styphnate are widely used in military and civilian applications.However,they are harmful to the environment and human body.Therefore,the research of new green primary explosives is an important trend.This paper reviews the synthesis and performances of six new types of initiating agents,including tetrazole,furazan,fused‑ring,coordination compound,copper azide,and nano‑thermite.Among of these initiating agents:(1)tetrazoles have excellent detonation performance but low safety performance;(2)furazans have higher density and good oxygen balance;(3)fused ring compounds have high thermal stability,low sensitivity and good safety;(4)the sensitivity and energy can be tailored by changing the metal ions,ligands and anions;(5)copper azide has strong detonation ability while its electrostatic sensitivity is extremely high;(6)nano‑thermite has the merits of high energy density,ease of synthesis,and environment friendly,but it is difficult to achieve rapid combustion to detonation.Except for copper azide and nano‑thermite,the other four types of primary explosives have complex synthesis processes and low yields.Therefore,the decreasing of sensitivity and process feasibility should be emphasized with the consideration of detonation ability for the further research of primary explosives.
作者
潘鹏阳
王可欣
易镇鑫
张琳
朱顺官
PAN Peng-yang;WANG Ke-xin;YI Zhen-xin;ZHANG Lin;ZHU Shun-guan(School of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)
出处
《含能材料》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期557-566,I0010,共11页
Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(22075144)。
