摘要
为了解白洋淀流域地下水水质现状及主要影响因素,通过野外调查取样测试、多元统计和基于GIS的空间分析等方法,对白洋淀流域浅层地下水质现状进行了评价,筛出了主要超标物质,探讨了影响研究区地下水质的主要控制因素。结果表明:浅层地下水质存在10项超标组分,SO_(4)^(2-)、TDS、Mn、NO_(3)^(-)和F^(-)等组分超标率大于20%,硝酸盐超标区位于白洋淀流域的冲洪积平原区,其它超标组分主要分布于白洋淀周边冲湖积平原区。通过因子分析法(FA)提取了4个影响浅层地下水水质的主要控制因素,蒸发浓缩和污水排放的复合作用导致地下水TDS、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)超标,贡献率为51.7%;碱性环境和离子交换作用是影响地下水F^(-)超标的主要原因,贡献率为14.21%;农业活动和原生环境的还原作用导致地下水中氮化物和砷部分超标,贡献率仅为7%左右。因此,调控农业活动和污水排放是改善研究区水质的主要途径。
In order to understand the status quo of the groundwater quality in Baiyangdian Lake Watershed and the main factors of the influences on it, the status quo of the shallow groundwater quality in the watershed is evaluated through the methods of the sample testing from the field investigation, multivariate statistics, GIS spatial analysis, etc., and then the main over-standard substances are screened out, while the main dominant factors of the influences on the groundwater quality in the study area are discussed as well. The study result shows that 10 over-standard components are there in the shallow groundwater quality with the over-standard rates of the components of SO_(4)^(2-),TDS, Mn, NO_(3)^(-), F^(-) etc. of over 20%, while the over-standard zone of nitrate is located at the alluvial-proluvial plain of the watershed and the other over-standard components are mainly distributed in the alluvial lacustrine plain around Baiyangdian Lake. 4 main dominant factors affecting the shallow groundwater quality are extracted by means of factor analysis method (FAM);for which the composite effect of both evaporated concentration and sewage discharge leads TDS, Cl^(-), SO_(4)^(2-) in the groundwater to exceed the relevant standards with the contribution rate of 51.7% and the alkaline environment and ion exchange are the main causes affecting the over-standard of F^(-) of groundwater with the contribution rate of 14.21%, while the agricultural activities and reduction effect of the primitive environment lead parts of the nitrogen and arsenic in the groundwater to exceed the relevant standards with the contribution rate of only about 7%. Therefore, the main pathway to improve the water quality within the study area is to regulate the relevant agricultural activities and the sewage discharge therein.
作者
杨戈芝
袁卫宁
马海珍
朱世峰
段磊
闫姿呈
靳博文
YANG Gezhi;YUAN Weining;MA Haizhen;ZHU Shifeng;DUAN Lei;YAN Zicheng;JIN Bowen(School of Water and Environment,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《水利水电技术（中英文）》
北大核心
2021年第4期162-170,共9页
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0406504)。
关键词
地下水
水质评价
污染源
多元统计分析
人类活动
水环境
影响因素
groundwater
water quality evaluation
pollution sources
multivariate statistical analysis
human activities
water environment
influencing factors
