摘要
针对天祝干旱山区马铃薯生产中施肥过量和氮磷钾施肥不科学不合理,导致肥料利用率较低、产量不高不稳的问题,进行了马铃薯“2+X”氮肥总量控制试验,以确定最佳氮肥使用量,进一步修正和完善优化施肥技术,最终形成新的测土施肥技术,为指导马铃薯生产提供科学依据。结果表明,优化施肥技术处理的(N 150 kg·hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5)150 kg·hm^(-2)、K_(2)O 75 kg·hm^(-2))马铃薯主要农艺性状及产量均明显优于常规施肥技术。在试验研究范围内,施氮处理马铃薯成熟期推迟1~2 d、生育期延长1~3 d;施氮对马铃薯株高、单株块茎数、单株结薯质量等主要农艺性状和产量具有显著影响,均呈先升后降的趋势,过多的施氮量对马铃薯主要农艺性状和产量呈负效应。综上所述,马铃薯施氮效果以优化施氮量即每hm^(2)施N 124.2 kg、P_(2)O_(5)149.9 kg、K_(2)O 74.8 kg为佳,施氮量不足或过多,都会对马铃薯植株生长和产量产生负效应。
Aiming at the problem of excessive fertilization and unscientific and unreasonable N,P,K fertilization in potato production in Tianzhu arid mountain area,which resulted in low fertilizer utilization rate and low yield and instability,the“2+X”total nitrogen control experimental study was carried out in 2018,the optimum nitrogen fertilizer amount was determined,the fertilization technology was further revised and improved,finally a new soil testing fertilization technology was formed,which provided the scientific basis for guiding the potato production.The results showed that the main agronomic characters and yield of potato were better than those of conventional fertilization.Nitrogen treatment potato maturity was delayed 1^(-2) days,the growth period was extended 1-3 days.The plant height,tuber number per plant,tuber quality per plant and yield of potato were significantly affected by nitrogen application,and the change law showed a tendency of rising first and then falling,indicating that excessive nitrogen application had a negative effect on the main agronomic traits and yield.The optimum nitrogen fertilizer amount is N 124.2 kg,P_(2)O_(5)149.9 kg and K_(2)O 74.8 kg per ha,insufficient or excessive nitrogen application will have negative effect on potato plant growth and yield increase.
作者
王爱民
WANG Aimin(Tianzhu Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Tianzhu 733200,Gansu,China)
出处
《中国瓜菜》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第5期68-71,共4页
China Cucurbits And Vegetables
基金
甘农牧财发[2018]64号。
关键词
马铃薯
干旱山区
氮肥
总量控制
肥效
Potato
Arid mountainous area
Nitrogen fertilizer
Total control
Fertilizer efficiency
