摘要
我国露天煤矿大多分布在西部生态脆弱区,主要采用疏干排水方式控制地下水,导致矿区周边地下水位下降、植被覆盖度减少,地下水资源和生态环境均不同程度受到影响。为解决露天煤矿开采造成的水资源与生态环境问题,自20世纪90年代提出了地下防渗帷幕截流矿区周边地下水的思路和方案,历经近30年的科研攻关,形成了以防渗膜与防渗材料复合防渗技术、低强度抗渗混凝土地连墙截水技术和超高压角域射流注浆帷幕截水技术为核心的露天煤矿保障生态地下水位主动保水技术,在扎尼河露天煤矿示范应用并取得成功。研究结果表明:露天煤矿生态地下水位主动保水技术经济、高效、环保,自开展生态地下水位主动保护技术以来,露天煤矿疏排水量逐渐减少,减少率75%以上,露天煤矿周边地下水位稳步抬升,目前已恢复至煤矿开采前的原始水位,并且植被覆盖度逐年增加,由较少植被过渡到适中植被。基于保障生态地下水位的露天煤矿主动保水技术可进一步应用到井工煤矿、非煤矿山等场景,保障生态地下水位,实现减损、保水、绿色开采。
The open pit coal mines in China are mainly distributed in the ecologically fragile areas in western China,and the groundwater is mainly controlled by drainage,which leads to the decrease of the groundwater level and vegetation coverage around the mining area.Therefor,the groundwater resources and ecological environment are both affected to varying degrees.In order to solve the water resources and ecological and environmental problems caused by coal mining,the approach of building underground seepage prevention curtain wall was proposed since the 1990s.Based on it,it has developed some key technologies such as impermeable membrane and impermeable ma⁃terial composite technology,low intensity water cutoff wall technology and ultra-high pressure angle domain jet grouting technology for open-pit coal mine ecological groundwater protection,which were applied in Zhanihe open-pit coal mine.Results show that the active wa⁃ter protection technology applied in the open-pit coal mine achieved a great success in high efficiency,cost saving and environmental pro⁃tection effect.The drainage volume of the open pit coal mine decreases gradually at a reduction rate of 75.00%.The underground water level around the open pit coal mine is steadily raising and now the underground water level restores to the original water level before min⁃ing.The vegetation coverage increases year by year,from less vegetation to moderate vegetation.The active water protection technology based on ecological water level can be further applied in understand mines and non-coal mines,so as to preserving the ecological under⁃ground water level and realize the reduction of losses and green mining.
作者
董书宁
王海
黄选明
王皓
曹海东
王晓东
张雁
苗贺朝
DONG Shuning;WANG Hai;HUANG Xuanming;WANG Hao;CAO Haidong;WANG Xiaodong;ZHANG Yan;MIAO Hechao(Xi’an Research Institute,China Coal Technology&Engineering Group Corp.,Xi’an 710077,China;College of Resources and Earth Sciences,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)
出处
《煤炭科学技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期49-57,共9页
Coal Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFC0804100)
中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司科技创新资助项目(2020XAYJS03,2019XAYMS11)。
关键词
生态地下水位
露天煤矿
主动保水
疏干排水
截水帷幕
ecological groundwater level
open-pit coal mine
active water retention
sewer drainage
waterproof curtain
