摘要
19世纪上半叶,公共学校运动的发展以及女性受教育程度的提高促使女性进入教师职业,美国公共学校教师出现女多男少的现象。由于受到社会经济发展水平的限制,女教师职业还处于专业化发展的初期阶段,总体上呈现出任职标准和聘任程序缺乏规范;工资待遇差、社会地位低;缺乏专业训练、专业程度低;职业忠诚度不高、流动性大等职业特征。女教师的这些特征是整个教师群体职业特征的缩影。女性主导公共学校教师职业拓宽了女性的职业领域,推动了公共学校制度的形成,刺激了女子高等教育和师范教育的发展,为19世纪后半叶教师职业的专业化和公共学校制度的形成奠定了重要基础。
In the antebellum America,the development of the American common school movement and the improvement of women’s educational level prompted women to enter the teaching profession,and led to the initial situation of more women than men in the position of common school teachers.Due to the limitations of social and economic development,the profession of women teachers was still in the initial stage of professional development and presented the following three main characteristics:poor salary and benefits,low social status;the lack of professional training and low degree of professionalism;low occupational loyalty and high mobility.These characteristics are the epitome of the professional characteristics of the whole teacher group.The occupation of female-dominated public school teachers broadened the vocational field of women,promoted the formation of the common school system,stimulated the development of women higher education and normal education,and laid a foundation for the future development of education and social reform in the United States.
作者
李子江
姜玉杰
LI Zi-jiang;JIANG Yu-jie(Faculty of Education Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)
出处
《教育学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期166-178,共13页
Journal of Educational Studies
基金
2018年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金课题“美国大学终身教职改革研究”(课题批准号:18YJA880052)阶段性成果。
关键词
女教师
公共学校运动
师范学校
女子教育
女性职业
women teachers
common school movement
normal school
women education
women’s work
