摘要
[目的]为水氮胁迫的合理选择提供理论依据。[方法]利用Meta分析(meta-analysis)的方法,系统分析了来自各个地区试验的水氮胁迫对小麦影响的相关论文(共71篇,有效数据65组),研究了不同施氮量、施氮次数、施氮时期对小麦产量和品质的影响。[结果]施氮能有效提高小麦产量改善品质,当施氮量达到250 kg/hm^(2)时,小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质含量增长率为研究峰值,而施氮量继续增长时,小麦籽粒蛋白质含量增长率与产量增长率均呈下降趋势。与施氮量所造成的影响类似,施氮次数对于小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质含量增长率的作用也是先增后降。灌浆期追氮对小麦产量的促进作用较为明显,增长率达0.358%,氮肥后移对灌浆期籽粒增重作用明显,能保持灌浆后劲、延长灌浆过程。拔节期追氮处理有利于小麦在抽穗期和灌浆期较高叶面积指数的维持,利于小麦获得较高产量。[结论]施氮对我国小麦品质和产量具有显著促进作用,氮肥后移和分次施肥对小麦干物质积累有益,增产改善品质效果尤佳。
[Objective]To provide theoretical basis for the reasonable selection of water and nitrogen stress.[Methods]We systematically analyzed the seventy-one papers about the effects of water and nitrogen stress on wheat from different regions by meta-analysis,and researched the effects of nitrogen application,nitrogen fertilizer application times and nitrogen application stages on wheat yield and quality.[Results]Nitrogen application improved wheat yield and quality effectively.When nitrogen application was 250 kg/hm^(2),the growth rate of wheat yield and quality reached peak value.If nitrogen application continued to increase,the growth rate of wheat yield and quality showed a downward trend.Similar like the influence of nitrogen application,effects of nitrogen fertilizer application times on the growth rates of wheat yield and quality firstly increased,and then decreased.Nitrogen application at pustulation period had obvious promoting effect on wheat yield,the growth rate reached 0.358%.Nitrogen application at later stage had a marked effect at pustulation period on weight gain of wheat grain and it also prolonged the grouting process.Nitrogen application at jointing stage was helpful to the maintain of high leaf area index of wheat at heading and pustulation stages,and could obtain relatively high wheat yield.[Conclusions]Nitrogen application showed significant promotion effects on wheat quality and yield.Nitrogen application at later stage had positive effects on dry matter accumulation in wheat,and the yield increasing and quality improving effects were ideal.
作者
孟远
吴熠婷
姜美君
江佳琦
余国春
黄志坤
邵鹏程
张倩倩
刘建超
MENG Yuan;WU Yi-ting;JIANG Mei-jun(Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University,Zhuji,Zhejiang 311800)
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
2021年第9期28-31,共4页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
浙江农林大学暨阳学院人才启动项目(RQ1905A01)
浙江农林大学暨阳学院院级大学生科技创新活动计划项目(JYKC1910)
浙江农林大学暨阳学院院级大学生科技创新活动计划项目(JYKC1908)
浙江省新苗人才项目(2020R412036)。
关键词
小麦
META分析
籽粒品质
产量
水氮胁迫
Wheat
Meta-analysis
Grain quality
Yield
Water and nitrogen stress
