摘要
为了系统全面地掌握奶牛养殖场用水特征,提出科学合理的节水措施,采用查阅文献和实地调研相结合的方法,概述了国内外奶牛养殖现状,系统总结了奶牛养殖各环节用水特征、变化规律及影响因素。结果显示:饮用水、清洁水、降温水是国内外奶牛养殖主要用水构成,养殖规模、泌乳牛比例、挤奶厅类型、气候特点等是影响奶牛场用水特征的主要因素,构建涵盖多因素的用水量预测模型是研究热点。分析确定了饮用水、挤奶厅用水和喷淋用水是奶牛养殖重点节水环节,并对后续奶牛场养殖过程节水研究提出了具体建议。
In order to master the characteristics of water use in dairy farms systematically and comprehensively,and put forward thescientific and reasonable water-saving measures.By means of literature review and field research,the paper outlined the current situationof dairy farming at China and abroad,and systematically summarized the features,changing rules and influencing factors of water use in thelink of dairy farming.The results showed that drinking water,clean water and cooling water were the main water structure of dairy farmingat home and abroad.The scale of breeding,the proportion of lactating cows,the type of milking parlour and the climate features were themain factors affecting the characteristics of dairy water consumption,and the construction of multi-factor water consumption predictionmodel was a research hotspot.It was determined that drinking water,milking parlour water and spray water were the key water-saving linksin dairy farming,and specific suggestions were presented for the follow-up water-saving research in dairy farming process,for providingtechnical support for pollution prevention and control in dairy farm.
作者
张克强
张嫚
李梦婷
杜连柱
牟美睿
刘鹤莹
翟中葳
ZHANG Ke-qiang;ZHANG Man;LI Meng-ting;DU Lian-zhu;MU Mei-rui;LIU He-ying;ZHAI Zhong-wei(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China;College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150036,China)
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期473-481,共9页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800100)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2019LM02-01)
兵团重点领域科技攻关计划“兵团畜禽规模养殖场废弃物资源化利用技术研究”(2019AB028)。
关键词
奶牛场
用水特征
节水
挤奶厅
喷淋
dairy farm
characteristics of water consumption
water saving
milking parlour
spray water
