摘要
植物能够探测到邻近根系,并识别出邻近根系与自身的亲缘关系,同时,对具有不同遗传特性的根系做出不同的反应。掌握邻近根系识别机制对生态系统功能和植物进化研究以及对自然保护和减少农作物间竞争均具有重要意义。文中系统阐述了根系亲缘识别研究的意义、影响因素、亲缘识别中的根系行为应对策略和邻居身份与环境互作影响的功能性状可塑性进化。基于现有研究的分析得出,根系分泌物可介导亲缘识别,并触发根系“行为”变化。根系化感物质和无毒信号可影响植株生长行为。基质体积可调控根系识别过程中的根系结构、形态和激素变化。植株可依据相邻物种密度和身份等信息对自身能量进行分配,平衡资源竞争与种群繁殖间的投入,增强改变自身形态能力、提高亲缘选择效率和收益率。具有竞争回避能力的物种,产量较高。交替的环境变化频率和与临近物种互作,可促进功能性状可塑性进化。今后应进一步明确触发亲缘识别反应的根系分泌物组分和与亲缘识别中根系行为模式相关的生活史、形态性状及群落特征。阐明“自我—非自我”识别导致根系生产过剩的机制。加强同胞竞争频率方面的研究,提高对亲缘识别进化条件的理解;加强异种竞争和扩散策略成本和收益分析研究,提高对物种共存机制的理解。同时,还需要对同一物种的多个种群和不同年龄的群落进行研究,以阐明亲缘识别相关功能性状可塑性差异引起的生态互作和物种共存机理。
Plants can detect neighboring roots and recognize their genetic relationships,at the same time,local plants responded differently to roots with different genetic traits.Understanding the recognition mechanism of adjacent roots is of great significance to the study of ecosystem function and plant evolution,as well as to the conservation of nature and the reduction of crop competition.In this paper,the significance of the study on root genetic identification,factors affecting kin recognition,coping strategies of root behavior in kin recognition and evolution of functional traits plasticity influenced by neighbor identity and environment interaction was systematically expounded.Based on the analysis of existing studies,we found that root exudates mediate kin recognition and trigger root"behavior"changes.Root allelochemicals and non-toxic signals can affect plant growth behavior.The volume of substrate can regulate the root structure,morphology and hormone changes during root recognition.Plants can allocate their own energy according to the density and identity of neighboring species,balance the input between resource competition and population reproduction,enhance the ability to change their own morphology,and improve the efficiency of kin selection and direct fitness benefit,as fewer resources are invested into competitive organs and more is dedicated to reproduction.Alternating environmental frequencies and interactions with neighboring species promote the evolution of functional traits plasticity.In the future,the components of root exudates that trigger the response of kin recognition and the life history,morphological traits and community characteristics related to the root behavior pattern in kin recognition should be further identified.Elucidate the mechanism of"self/non-self"identification leading to root overproduction.Strengthen the study on the frequency of sibling competition and improve the understanding of the evolutionary conditions of kin recognition.Strengthen the cost and benefit analysis of hetero
作者
肖万欣
王延波
张书萍
XIAO Wan-xin;ZHANG Shu-ping;WANG Yan-bo(Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning 110161)
出处
《辽宁农业科学》
2021年第2期48-53,共6页
Liaoning Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300700、2017YFD0300303-2、2017YFD0300703-A04)
国家自然科学青年基金项目(31601262)
农业部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-44)。
关键词
邻居
亲缘识别
根系互作
行为应对
公地悲剧
功能性状可塑性
Neighbors
Kin recognition
Root interactions
Behavior strategy
Tragedy of the commons
Functional traits plasticity
