摘要
第二次鸦片战争时期,团练作为一项重要的战略筹码,成为清政府战争决策和外交谈判的博弈手段。广东战场团练兴办于省城广州陷落之后,由流亡城外的主政官员以在籍绅士的身份加以组织,因此官府主导、在籍官员督办的特点十分显著。清政府希望京津团练能够辅助正规军队作战,但是由于没有成例可以借鉴,官方不得不更多利用地方绅士的主动性。广东战场团练的财政以官方名义“劝借”为主,京津战场团练的财政依靠官府财政支持与绅士自助捐献。团练在战场上的实际表现不佳,相反,团练在地方社会管理方面发挥一定的作用。
Civil corps,as an important political chip,became a strategic game-playing means of war decision-making and diplomatic negotiation of the Qing government.Founded after the fall of Guangzhou,the civil corps of Guangdong battlefield was well-organized by the officials-in-exile who were still heading the administration outside the city as registered local landlords,therefore the corps featured the leading authority and supervision of those officials.The Qing government hoped that the civil corps of Peking and Tianjin battlefield could assist the regular army at wars.Instead,the Qing government had to make more use of the initiatives of local gentry due to the lack of successful examples to learn from.The finance of Guangdong battlefield mainly came from persuaded loans in the name of the government while Peking and Tianjin battlefield depended on both official financial support and voluntary donations by local gentry.The civil corps at the battlefields didn t live up to the expectation of government and the public.However,it played a particular part in the management of local society.
作者
王明前
WANG Mingqian(School of Marxism,Xiamen University,Xiamen Fujian 361005,China)
出处
《莆田学院学报》
2021年第1期54-63,共10页
Journal of putian University
关键词
第二次鸦片战争
地方军事化
团练
广东战场
京津战场
the Second Opium War
local militarization
civil corps
Guangdong battlefield
Peking and Tianjin battlefield
