摘要
近年来,在中国电力系统低碳化转型以及电力市场化改革快速推进的同时也暴露了一些问题,其中较为典型的就是以煤电为代表的火电企业普遍大面积亏损,甚至濒临破产清算的困境,这一现象主要归因于大规模新能源零边际成本占据火力发电份额,以及火电提供灵活性以保障新能源消纳产生的外部成本没有得到充分回报,部分火电企业甚至还贷难以为继,亟须建立合理的容量机制保障火电这部分外部成本的回收。因此,文中首先对比了国内外主流的容量补偿机制及其对中国的适应性。然后建立了考虑火电企业退出市场的双层决策模型,分析了不同可再生能源渗透率下,容量补偿价格对火电企业决策以及市场运行的影响,包括出清电价、辅助服务成本等。最后,通过IEEE 30节点系统和中国某省级实际电网,验证了所提模型的有效性。算例结果表明,制定合理的容量补偿机制能够有效保证火电企业收益,并激励其提供灵活性,从而提升电网整体经济性和运行效率。
In recent years, low-carbon transition of power systems and rapid promotion of electricity market-oriented reform in China have exposed some problems, typical one of which is that the thermal power enterprises, represented by coal-fired power,are generally suffering from large-scale losses, or even face the dilemma of bankruptcy and liquidation. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the large-scale renewable energy with zero marginal cost occupying the share of thermal power generation. At the same time, thermal power provides flexibility to ensure that the external costs generated by renewable energy consumption is not fully rewarded, and even some thermal power enterprises cannot continue to repay loans. As a result, it is urgent to establish a reasonable capacity payment mechanism to guarantee the recovery of external costs of thermal power units. Therefore, the current mainstream capacity payment mechanisms and their adaptability in China are firstly compared. Then, a bi-level programming model considering the phaseout of thermal power enterprises is proposed, and the influences of capacity payment prices on the decision-making and market operation of thermal power enterprises with different renewable energy penetration rates are analyzed,including the market clearing price and auxiliary service cost. Finally, case studies based on the IEEE 30-bus system and an actual provincial power grid validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that a reasonable capacity payment mechanism can effectively guarantee the income of thermal power enterprises, and encourage them to provide flexible services, so as to improve the overall economy and operation efficiency of the power system.
作者
武昭原
周明
王剑晓
夏清
李庚银
WU Zhaoyuan;ZHOU Ming;WANG Jianxiao;XIA Qing;LI Gengyin(State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;State Key Laboratory of Power System and Generation Equipment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《电力系统自动化》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期43-51,共9页
Automation of Electric Power Systems
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1866204)
国家电网公司科技项目(52020119000K)。
关键词
容量补偿机制
市场退出决策
灵活性
成本效益分析
电力市场
capacity payment mechanism
market exit decision
flexibility
cost-benefit analysis
electricity market
