摘要
1840年7月4日,冠达专线的第一艘邮轮“布列塔尼亚”号从利物浦起航,揭开了邮轮史的第一页。至今,邮轮已有近两百年的发展历程,经历了两次世界大战、战后西方社会经济高速发展、中产阶级兴起、现代主义思想传播、消费主义兴起等重要的历史阶段,也见证了航运业的兴起和发展。早期邮轮不断适应社会和经济环境,在20世纪70年代,结束了班轮和交通工具阶段,开启了以旅游休闲为目的“游轮”阶段。邮轮与“游轮”,在中文名称上有不少争议和混用,究竟是“邮轮”还是“游轮”?文章以邮轮的发展史为切入点,将其分为两个阶段,罗列介绍各阶段出现的著名船只,梳理并重现邮轮宏大的发展历程,希望能为读者解开“邮轮”和“游轮”的迷思。
Cunard Line started her ocean delivery business at the moment when the "Britannia" set her sail on July 4th, 1840, meanwhile, cruise industry started its more than 180 years’ history. During the past 180 years, the cruise industry went through two world wars, the post war economic boom after the second world war, the rise of the middle class, the modernism and Consumerism, and also the airline industry’s development. The cruise industry learnt to adapt to the society’s changing, and went into the new step of "cruising", instead of the mail delivery purpose, the giant ships themselves started to offer the travelers a holiday spot, now, cruising is one of the fastest growing sectors of the leisure market. What’s the differences between the modern cruise ships and the classic ocean liners in the past, and how is the modern industry of cruising working? We divided the 180 years’ history into two parts, and try to make it clear to the reader.
作者
涂山
吴婷婷
Tu Shan;Wu Tingting(Academy of Art&D esign,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
关键词
邮轮
游轮
发展史
邮件传输
旅游休闲
cruise
cruise liners
history
mail delivery ship
leisure cruising
