摘要
战时后期和战后初期,美国内部的右倾变化主要是美国政治的自然走向,但苏联的一些做法加速了这个过程。苏联的外交言行不仅没有阻止美国国内对其不利的势头,反而刺激了美国右翼兴起。苏联拒绝参加布雷顿森林体系,拒绝加入世界经济体系,给整个战后国际秩序造成缺憾。冷战起源不只是安全问题,虽然表面上看是安全问题,但恰恰是安全问题使得美苏走到了一起,并在一个体系内遵守共同的游戏规则。经济问题其实是冷战起源最根本的问题,经济上不能走在一起,为冷战奠定了基础。1947年底,苏联先提出了两个阵营,这是政治上的主张;1952年又提出两个平行市场,这就是经济上的设计。苏联在政治和经济政策方面形成与资本主义阵营的对立,而对立的基础是经济的切割。切割导致苏联后来错失战后发展机会。纵观苏联历史,苏联先后错失了三次改革的机会,为苏联解体埋下了根源。
In the late WWII and early postwar period,the right-leaning changes within the United States were mainly the natural trend of American politics with some Soviet practices accelerating this process.The Soviet Union’s diplomatic words and deeds failed to stop the unfavorable momentum in the U.S.,but on the contrary stimulated the rise of the right-wing in the U.S.The Soviet Union’s refusal to participate in the Bretton Woods System and the world economic system have caused a gap within the post-war international order.Security appears to be one origin of the"Cold War",which actually brought the U.S.and the Soviet Union together and then abide by common rules of the game within one system.In fact,economic issues are the most fundamental origin of the"Cold War".In late 1947,the Soviet Union first proposed two camps,which was a political proposition;in 1952,it proposed two parallel markets,which was an economic design.As a result,the Soviet Union confronted itself with the capitalist camp in terms of political and economic policies on the premise of economic duality,which led to the Soviet Union’s losses in opportunities for post-war development.Looking back into the history of the Soviet Union,we could observe it has missed three reform opportunities,which foreshadows its disintegration.
作者
沈志华
张昕
Shen Zhihua;Zhang Xin
出处
《俄罗斯研究》
CSSCI
2021年第1期3-24,共22页
Russian Studies
关键词
美苏冷战
布雷顿森林体系
冷战起源
苏联解体
the Cold War
the Bretton Woods System
the Origin of the Cold War
the collapse of the Soviet Union
