摘要
水鸟监测是了解水鸟种群和分布动态、开展水鸟和湿地保护的最基础的实践活动。在湿地生态系统的食物链中,水鸟处于上层,其种群数量的变化可以预示较低营养级生物类群的改变,因此,水鸟的变化可以作为湿地生态系统环境监测和评价的指标。英国鸟类学信托基金会(The British Trust for Ornithology,BTO)于1928年开始的在全英国开展的苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)繁殖巢调查,是世界水鸟统一监测活动的开端,也是世界上运行时间最长的繁殖水鸟监测活动。自此以后,在欧洲和北美地区陆续开展了众多具有影响力的水鸟监测计划,从而在全球范围内逐渐形成了国家层面、区域层面和全球性的水鸟监测计划和活动。中国的水鸟监测活动始于20世纪70年代和80年代,主要针对濒危的鹤鹳类开展繁殖、迁徙和越冬调查。随着中国改革开放的推进,特别是在有关国际组织和国际合作项目的推动下,中国逐渐形成了地区性的和针对物种的各类水鸟监测活动和计划,例如,中国的保护区参与了亚洲隆冬水鸟普查,开展了丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)、白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)、中华秋沙鸭(Mergus squamatus)等濒危物种的种群和分布的监测等。近年来,作为水鸟生态学研究的基础性工作,中国的水鸟监测活动发展极为迅速。在总结全球水鸟监测的历史与发展的基础上,介绍了中国水鸟监测的发展和现状,通过分析中国水鸟监测存在的问题,提出了开展全类群水鸟监测、通过培训以提高监测人员的鸟类识别和统计技术、动员公众力量参与监测活动等建议,以促进中国水鸟监测事业的全面发展。
Waterbird monitoring is the most basic practice used to understand the dynamics of waterbird populations and their distribution to protect waterbirds and wetlands.Waterbirds are at the top of the food chain in wetland ecosystems,and their population dynamics can indicate changes in the lower trophic groups.Therefore,waterbirds can be used as an indicator in environmental monitoring and evaluation of wetland ecosystems.In 1928,the British Trust for Ornithology surveyed the breeding nests of Grey Heron(Ardea cinerea)across the UK,becoming the pioneer of the world’s integrated monitoring of waterbirds.Since then,several influential waterbird monitoring programs have been conducted in Europe and North America,leading to national,regional,and global waterbird monitoring programs.Waterbird monitoring activities in China began in the 1970 s and 1980 s,mainly focusing on the breeding,migration,and wintering of endangered cranes and storks.Subsequently,with the help of international organizations and international cooperation projects,after China opened to the world,China has gradually developed regional and species-specific monitoring activities and programs,such as participation of its protected areas in the Asian Mid-winter Waterbird Census and the population and distribution monitoring of endangered species such as Red-crowned Cranes(Grus japonensis),Siberian Cranes(Grus leucogeranus),and Chinese Mergansers(Mergus squamatus).As the basic work of waterbird ecology research,waterbird monitoring in China has developed rapidly in recent years.Based on a summary of the history and development of waterbird monitoring in the world,this paper introduces the development and the present situation in waterbird monitoring in China,and analyzes the existing problems of waterbird monitoring,and frames countermeasures and suggestions,such as conducting all-group monitoring,enhancing species identification skills and counting,and encouraging public participation,for the comprehensive development of waterbird monitoring in China.
作者
李秀明
程瑞梅
肖文发
盘凯筠
钱法文
LI Xiuming;CHENG Ruimei;XIAO Wenfa;PAN Kaijun;QIAN Fawen(Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Research Institute of Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,P.R.China)
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期633-645,共13页
Wetland Science
基金
国家林业和草原局项目(2130237-20-401)
国务院三峡工程建设委员会项目(91127-2018)
国家重点研发项目(2017YFC0505804)资助。
关键词
水鸟监测
水鸟普查
监测网络
监测计划
waterbird monitor
waterbird census
monitoring network
monitoring programme
