摘要
美军战略轰炸理论启蒙于第一次世界大战,至“二战”结束前,经历了三个阶段的变化:第一阶段,“一战”后美军对盟友及自身的轰炸效果与经验进行总结,认为无差别轰炸并非有效手段,应对战争工业、铁路线和野战部队进行精准轰炸。第二阶段,20世纪30年代,美国陆军航空兵战术学校的军官们继承并发展了前一阶段的经验,认为对交通、工厂、能源和原材料进行精准轰炸,既可以有效打击敌人,又避免了道德谴责,这一理论通过高级军官形成了美军既定战略。第三阶段为实践阶段,在“二战”中,迫于速胜的压力,美军对此有了偏离,产生了大规模杀伤平民的行为。
The military strategic bombing doctrine of the United States originated during the World War I.It developed in three phases until the end of the World War II:During the first phase,the U.S.military summarized the bombing effects and experience of the allied forces and itself,regarding that indiscriminate bombing was not an effective method,and that war industries,railroad lines,troops in the field should be accurately bombed.When the second phase(the 1930s)came,the officers in the Air Corps Tactical School(ACTS)succeeded the experience of the previous phase and developed it,assuming that the accurate bombing on transportation facilities,plants,sources of energy and raw materials could not only crack enemies but also avoid the moral condemnation.This doctrine developed into a fixed strategy by higher officers.The third phase(during the World War II)is the practical phase,in which the U.S.military bowed to the pressure from the need of quick victory and deviated from the doctrine,resulting in the large-scale deaths and casualties of the civilians.
作者
石非凡
SHI Fei-fan(School of History,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《河北广播电视大学学报》
2021年第1期90-95,共6页
Journal of Hebei Radio & TV University
关键词
一战
二战
战略轰炸
战略目标
平民伤亡
World War I
World War II
strategic bombing
strategic targets
civilian casualties
