摘要
为促进寒地早熟粳稻高产、优质、高效栽培,本研究以龙粳31和龙粳39为供试品种,采用二次正交旋转组合设计,建立肥料、密度与产量的回归模型,并采用频数分析法进行栽培方案的模拟寻优,采用二次多项式逐步回归法分析肥料、密度对水稻群体结构和品质的影响。结果表明:氮肥施用量除与株高有明显的正相关、与千粒重有明显的负相关作用,与龙粳31穗长呈正相关外,其余性状均与施氮量呈先上升后下降的二次曲线关系;磷肥对穗长及单位面积穗数有一定的促进作用;钾肥对穗长、每穗粒数、结实率有明显的促进作用;密度则对单位面积穗数的增加影响较大。适当降低氮肥可以降低龙粳31直链淀粉含量,提高其整精米率和胶稠度,降低垩白粒率及垩白度。而适当增加钾肥可以适量减少龙粳39直链淀粉含量,提高其整精米率和胶稠度,降低垩白粒率及垩白度。通过模拟寻优,并结合肥料、密度与水稻群体结构和稻米品质建立的回归模型,最终建立了两个品种的最佳肥密方案。
In order to promote the high yield,good quality and high efficiency cultivation of early maturing japonica rice in cold region,in this study,Longjing 31 and Longjing 39 were selected as test varieties,and quadratic orthogonal rotation combination were adopted to analyze the effects of fertilizer and density on their yield and quality.The results showed that the nitrogen application rate had a positive correlation with plant height and a negative correlation with 1000-seed weight,a positive correlation with spike length of Longjing 31,and the other characters had a conic relationship with the nitrogen application rate.Phosphate fertilizer had a certain effect on panicle length and panicle number per unit area.Potassium fertilizer had obvious promoting effects on panicle length,grain number per panicle and seed setting rate.Density had a great influence on the increase of panicle number per unit area.Appropriate reduction of nitrogen fertilizer could reduce the content of Longjing 31 amylose,improve the percentage of refined rice and glue consistency,and reduce the chalky grain rate and chalkiness.Proper increase of potassium fertilizer could reduce the amylose content of Longjing 39,increase its polished rice rate and gum consistency,and reduce chalky grain rate and chalkiness.Through simulation optimization,and the regression model of fertilizer,density and rice population structure and rice quality,the best fattening plan of the two varieties was finally established.
作者
马波
MA Bo(Qiqihar Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006,China)
出处
《黑龙江农业科学》
2021年第3期1-6,共6页
Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300501-6)
齐齐哈尔市攻关项目(NYGG-201716)。
关键词
肥料
密度
粳稻
栽培方案
产量
品质
fertilizer
density
japonica rice
cultivation schemes
yield
quality
