摘要
以满族女童游戏“嘎拉哈”中两个游戏用语“ts■33”和“tshua213”、动词“瘆”、流行词“怼”四个单音词为例,依据其在口语中的实际读音、确切含义,《御制清文鉴》《康熙字典》等多部满汉文献资料,推知沈阳话中它们可能借自相应的满语多音节词的第一音节,在汉语四声中选择一个声调,从而成为音译单音词。这些满源词的共同特点是:语义上,所承载的信息细腻、传神,有的词还载有语法意义;构词上,通常在汉语中选用语义上有关联、发音相似的汉字来记录,配以一个辨识度大的声调。这种第一音节音译词非个别现象,外观上具有隐蔽性。它可能是他语言的多音节词汇进入汉语的一种借入方式。
Taking four monosyllabic words as examples,two game terms“ts■33”and“tshua213”in the Manchu girl game“Galaha”,one verb“shen”and a popular word“dui”,according to their actual pronunciation and exact meaning in spoken language of Shenyang dialect,based on several Manchu and Chinese documents such as Imperial Qing Wen Jian and Kangxi Dictionary,it is inferred that in Shenyang dialect,they borrowed the first syllable of corresponding Manchu polysyllabic words and chose a tone in Chinese four tones to become transliterated monosyllabic words.The common characteristics of these loan words are:semantically,the information they carry is delicate and vivid,and some words also contain grammatical meaning;in word formation,Chinese characters with semantic relevance and similar pronunciation are usually picked up,matched one high identification Chinese tone.This paper points out that this kind of transliteration of the first syllable is not an individual phenomenon,so it is not easy to be recognized as a loanword in appearance.It may be a way of borrowing polysyllabic words from other languages into Chinese.
作者
关辛秋
Guan Xinqiu(College of Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages and Literatures,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)
出处
《沈阳师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第2期59-67,共9页
Journal of Shenyang Normal University(Social Science Edition)
基金
中央民族大学2018年“双一流”学科建设项目(10301-018004030201)。
关键词
沈阳话
满语借词
借入方式
满语多音节词
第一音节借入
Shenyang dialect
Manchu loanwords
borrowing mode
polysyllabic words in Manchu
first syllable borrowing
