摘要
以17个玉米品种为材料,测定其收获期果穗、苞叶和子粒穗部性状特征等指标,对不同玉米品种机械粒收质量进行评价。以机械粒收质量为基础,采用逐步回归分析,探讨穗部性状与机械粒收质量的关系。结果表明,不同玉米品种间机械粒收质量指标差异显著,收获期子粒平均含水率为21.05%,平均破碎率为5.83%,品种的杂质率和产量损失率都在国家标准范围之内。通过逐步回归分析,多项穗部性状指标显著影响机械粒收质量,穗柄长度、苞叶厚度、果穗长度、秃尖长度、秃尾长度、穗行数、苞叶层数、苞叶长度、子粒长度、果穗体积、穗粒数、胚乳硬度、胚硬度、子粒顶部硬度、苞叶长度/果穗长度可以作为玉米机械粒收质量的鉴定指标。黄淮南部玉米收获期子粒含水率高和机械粒收破碎率偏高是存在的主要问题,应该选择适宜品种和推迟玉米收获期。
In order to screen out the ear character of suitable mechanical grain harvest of maize,seventeen maize varieties were used as experimental materials,the main ear traits,covering bract traits and grain traits of harvesting were measured,and the mechanical harvest quality of different maize varieties was evaluated.Based on the quality of mechanical harvest,the relationship between ear characters and mechanical grain quality was analyzed using stepwise regression.The results showed that there were significant differences in mechanical grain quality among different maize varieties.The average water content during harvest was 21.05%,and the broken rate was more than 5%.Impurity rate and yield loss rate of varieties were within the national standard.Through stepwise regression analysis,multiple traits significantly affected the quality of mechanical grain harvest.Ear-pedicel length,thickness of bract,ear length,bald tip length,bald tail length,rows per ear,bract number,bract length,grain length,ear volume,grain number per ear,kernel hardness,bract length/ear length can be used indicators for the determination of suitable mechanical harvest for maize.
作者
董朋飞
李潮海
李少昆
王克如
刘东尧
谢耀丽
张旭赫
闫振华
刘天学
王群
DONG Peng-fei;LI Chao-hai;LI Shao-kun;WANG Ke-ru;LIU Dong-yao;XIE Yao-li;ZHANG Xu-he;YAN Zhen-hua;LIU Tian-xue;WANG Qun(College of Agriculture,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046;Institute of Crop Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Xiping County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Xiping 463900,China)
出处
《玉米科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期112-119,共8页
Journal of Maize Sciences
基金
十三五国家玉米产业技术体系专项研究(CARS—02—17)。
关键词
玉米
机械粒收
收获质量
子粒含水率
鉴定指标
Maize
Grain mechanical harvest
Harvest quality
Grain moisture content
Identification index