摘要
根据1961—2018年喀什地区9个国家站浮尘日数逐日观测资料,利用气候学统计、M-K突变检验等方法分析喀什地区浮尘日数的时空分布等气候特征,分析2019年3月19—25日喀什地区出现的强浮尘造成的重污染天气成因。结果表明:喀什地区年平均浮尘日数为71 d,浮尘日数总体呈减少趋势,并于1997年前后发生了显著减少性突变。2019年3月19—25日出现的强浮尘天气过程,持续时间长,影响范围广,乌拉尔山高压脊发展,脊前横槽转竖,在新疆东部回流东灌冷空气是造成此次沙尘过程的天气背景。浮尘天气造成21—24日喀什地区空气污染指数AQI指达500,属严重污染,首要污染物PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)在21日、22日达到峰值,分别为494、1 175μg/m~3。热力、动力条件以及近地面存在逆温层均不利于污染物的扩散。污染过程前后喀什市本站气压与PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)浓度均呈正相关,相关系数为0.762、0.507,均通过0.05显著性水平检验;气温与PM_(10)浓度呈负相关,与PM_(2.5)相关性不明显;相对湿度跟PM10和PM2.5呈正相关,表明气象因子在大气污染过程中对大气环境影响明显。
Based on the daily observation data of the floating dust days at 9 national stations in Kashgar from 1961 to 2018,the climatologic statistics,M-K mutation test and other methods were used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution and other climatic characteristics of the floating dust days in Kashgar region and the causes of heavy pollution caused by the strong floating dust that occurred in the Kashgar region from March 19 to 25,2019.The results showed that the average annual number of floating dust days in Kashgar was 71 days,and the overall number of floating dust days showed a decreasing trend,and a significant reduction mutation occurred around 1997.The process of strong floating dust weather that occurred on March 19—25,2019 has a long duration and a wide range of influence.The development of the high-pressure ridge of the Ural Mountains,the horizontal groove in front of the ridge turned upright,and the return of cold air in the east of Xinjiang is the weather background that caused the sand and dust process.The dusty weather caused an air pollution index(AQI)in Kashgar region of 21 st to 24 th to reach 500,which was a serious pollution.The main pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 peaked on the 21 st and 22 nd,respectively 494μg/m3 and 1175μg/m3.Thermal and dynamic conditions,as well as the existence of inversion layer near the ground were not conducive to the diffusion of pollutants.Before and after the pollution process,the air pressure in Kashgar city was positively correlated with the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5,and the correlation coefficients were 0.762 and 0.507,both of which passed the 0.05 significance test.The temperature was negatively correlated with the PM10 concentration,but not significantly correlated with PM2.5.The relative humidity was positively correlated with PM10 and PM2.5,indicating that meteorological factors had a significant impact on the atmospheric environment during atmospheric pollution.
作者
热孜瓦古·孜比布拉
阿依谢姆古丽·孜比不拉
胡素琴
玛依热·艾海提
杨鸿
Reziwagu Zibibula;Ayixiemuguli Zibibula;HU Suqin;Mayire Aihaiti;YANG Hong(Kashgar Meteorological Bureau,Kashgar 844000,China;Meteorological Bureau of Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture,Atushi 845350,China)
出处
《沙漠与绿洲气象》
2021年第1期69-74,共6页
Desert and Oasis Meteorology
基金
喀什地区科技局项目“沙尘天气对喀什地区空气质量的影响及沙尘源解析”(KS2019007)。
关键词
浮尘
重污染天气
天气背景
空气污染指数
floating dust
heavy pollution weather
synoptic background
air pollution index
