摘要
鱼苗适时下塘理论是在土池塘清塘后水质饵料生物发展变化规律、仔鱼器官发育内在规律和土池塘轮虫高峰期可控培养规律的基础上发展而来,由生理适时下塘和生态适时下塘组成。其中,生理适时下塘是指仔鱼器官发育的阶段正好在结构功能上逐步适应开口摄食,而生态适时下塘是指外界提供适宜的开口饵料、适宜的密度和良好的外界生态环境条件等。本文梳理了鱼苗适时下塘理论的发展历程,综述了鱼苗下塘的适宜生态因子和饵料,针对中国主要养殖经济鱼类的开口饵料研究现状,将适宜开口饵料分为轮虫、卤虫无节幼体、枝角类、水丝蚓、饵料鱼鱼苗、浮游植物、母体体表黏液、复合型开口饵料和微粒子饵料9种类型,并提出今后在鱼苗适时下塘精准性、枝角类等高峰期土池塘培养技术及鱼苗阶段系列配合饵料等方面还需系统研究的建议,以期确保鱼苗成活率和生产出高质量的苗种。
The theory of the optimal stocking time of fish fry is developed from regular pattern of water quality and plankton development,especially rotifera peak period,after disinfection of a pond,and organ development of fry related to initial feeding,and includes two aspects:physiological optimal stocking time and ecological optimal stocking time.The physiological optimal stocking time indicates fry organ development gradually adapts to start feeding in terms of structure and function,and the ecological optimal stocking time indicates to provide the pond with initial feeding,suitable density and good external ecological environment conditions in the ponds.We review the development process of the theory of the optimal stocking time of fish fry and divided suitable initial weaning diets into nine types:rotifer,Artemia nauplii,Cladocera,Limnodrilus,bait fish fry,phytoplankton,body surface mucus,compound initial feed,and microparticle feed according to the research status of suitable initial feeding for main economically important fishes.“Timely”in this theory needs to be more accurate under different conditions.It is necessary to make a systematic study on the series of diets from initial feeding“mouth opening”(postlarvae)to juvenile stage in order to improve the survival rate of fry and ecological breeding.
作者
骆小年
LUO Xiaonian(College of Fisheries and Life Science, Key Laboratory of Fish Applied Biology and Aquaculture in North China, Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China)
出处
《大连海洋大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期1-9,共9页
Journal of Dalian Ocean University
基金
辽宁省“百千万人才工程”项目(793018201)
大连市科技创新基金(2018J12SN068)
大连海洋大学引进人才启动及在职培养博士启动项目(HDYJ201802)
农业财政专项“东北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查”。
关键词
水花鱼苗
适时下塘
轮虫
枝角类
卤虫
饵料
fry
optimal stocking time of fish fry
rotifer
cladocera
Artemia
feed
