摘要
公众的界定和识别是公众参与程序设置中首先应当解决的问题。中国环境影响评价相关立法以"有关"和"可能受影响"来界定"公众",公众的范围狭窄,具体的识别规则过于原则和单薄,不利于公众参与功能的实现。2019年施行的《环境影响评价公众参与办法》虽进一步明确了公众的范围,增加了"环境影响评价范围"的界定标准,但未有实质性突破,也未建立起系统的公众识别规则。对此,应当以"感兴趣"和"受影响"作为公众界定的核心要素,明确各类公众特别是邻近居民和特殊群体、不同类型的专家以及环保组织的地位和作用。在识别特定公众时应当以环境决策的质量和效率相统一为目标,针对公众参与的不同阶段吸纳不同的参与者,为自上而下的方法提供指引以限制裁量空间,为自下而上的方法提供便利以鼓励参与,并细化随机抽样、自我选择和选择代表等选择策略对最终参与者进行选择。
The definition and identification of the public is the first problem to solve in the process of public participation. China’s related legislation defines the public by "relevant" and "may be affected", the scope of the public in public participation in EIA is narrow in China,and the specific identification rules are just principles and are too simple, which is not conducive to the realization of the function of public participation. Although The Measures for Public Participation in EIA implemented in 2019 further clarifies the scope of the public and put forward the criteria of "the scope of EIA", there is no substantive breakthrough and no systematic identification rules is established. In this regard, we should take "interested in" and "affected" as the core elements of the definition of the public, and clarify the role and the function of various types of the public, especially the neighboring residents, special groups, experts and environmental protection organizations. When identifying the specific public, we should aim at the unity of the quality and efficiency of environmental decision-making, absorb different participants for different stages of the participation, provide specific guidance and help for the top-down and bottom-up approaches to limit discretion and encourage the public, specify random sampling, self-selection, representative selection to make the ultimate choice of participants.
作者
张晏
ZHANG Yan(School of Law,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期127-136,188,共11页
Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家留学基金委“青年骨干教师出国研修项目”(201806035037)
北京市社会科学基金重点项目“北京市土壤污染防治立法研究”(16FXA005)
国家重点研发计划课题“排污许可法律体系与立法方案研究”(2016YFC0208402)。
关键词
环境影响评价公众参与
界定标准
识别规则
环境决策的质量和效率
public participation in environmental impact assessment
criteria for definition
identification rules
the quality and efficiency of environmental decision-making
