摘要
通过实时观察辐射状电场中大量镀金属膜小球的运动,发现处于不同介质中的小球群体行为完全不同:处于空气中的小球在阴阳两极之间来回杂乱迸射,处于蓖麻油中的小球呈现类蠕虫运动的自组织过程,处于机油和蓖麻油混合介质中的小球表现为类沸腾运动现象.分析表明:空气中的现象成因是小球与电极及相互间所带电荷的异同呈现的静电吸引或排斥结果;黏度度较大的蓖麻油中的现象成因是在电场作用下静电感应和介质极化形成类似于电偶极子链的小球串,小球串的尖端因充放电导致相邻串间时而吸引、时而排斥而呈现出类蠕虫运动;黏性和介电性能比蓖麻油低的混合油中的现象成因是较弱的电偶极子串被局域击穿、气泡破裂和变化的电风作用下的三维杂乱运动.
Through real-time observation of the movement of a large number of metal-coated balls in radial electric field,it was found that the group behavior of small balls in different dielectric environments was completely different.The results showed that the balls in the air were ejected between cathode and anode,and the balls in castor oil presented a worm-like self-organization process,while the balls in the mixture of machine oil and castor oil behaved like boiling motion.The analysis showed that the electrostatic attraction or repulsion in the air was due to the similarities and differences of charge between the balls and electrodes and each other;in the castor oil with high viscosity,a string of small balls similar to the electric dipole chain was formed by electrostatic induction and dielectric polarization under the action of electric field;the tip of the string appeared worm-like motion due to the attraction and repulsion between adjacent strings caused by charge and discharge;the viscosity and dielectric properties of castor oil mixtures were lower than those of castor oil,where the weak electric dipole strings were locally punctured by bubbles bursting and changing under the action of electrical wind in three-dimensional chaotic motion.
作者
苏亚凤
王琪琨
张俊武
张沛
SU Ya-feng;WANG Qi-kun;ZHANG Jun-wu;ZHANG Pei(School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)
出处
《物理实验》
2021年第2期43-48,共6页
Physics Experimentation
关键词
辐射状电场
迸射行为
自组织过程
类沸腾运动
radial electric field
ejection behavior
self-organization process
boiling-like movement
