摘要
流化催化裂化(FCC)是石油加工工业重要的重质油轻质化的工艺技术。为适应FCC过程原料日益重质化的发展趋势,以高岭土为原料采用原位晶化合成技术制备的原位晶化型重油催化剂因其优异的活性稳定性、高的重油转化效率、强的抗重金属污染能力得到了日益广泛的应用。以重油催化裂化的反应机理及历程为基础,总结了理想的重油催化裂化催化剂应具有的结构特点,分析了国内外重油催化裂化催化剂的研究现状,综述了原位晶化型重油催化裂化催化剂的制备过程、结构特点及催化特性,阐述了原位晶化的原料预处理及合成机理。原位晶化型重油裂化催化剂经历了几十年的发展在技术上已日趋成熟,在应用上表现出其独特的优势,但其进一步发展仍面临挑战,这主要表现在:基于原位晶化型催化剂的反应机理研究缺乏,催化剂的表征有待继续深入,催化剂制备技术理论尚有待发展和完善,催化剂的后处理过程受限,催化剂的设计尚达不到"量体裁衣"的水平。
Fluidized catalytic cracking(FCC) is an important process technology to convert heavy oils into light products in oil refining industry.In order to adapt to the increasingly heavier FCC process feedstock,the in-situ crystallized heavy oil catalytic cracking catalyst prepared from kaolin by in-situ crystallization has been widely used due to its excellent activity stability,high heavy oil conversion efficiency and strong resistance to heavy metal pollution.Based on the reaction mechanism and process of heavy oil catalytic cracking,this paper summarizes the structural characteristics of ideal heavy oil catalytic cracking catalyst,analyzes the research status of heavy oil catalytic cracking catalyst at home and abroad,reviews the preparation process,structural characteristics and catalytic properties of in-situ crystallized heavy oil catalytic cracking catalyst,and discusses the raw material pretreatment and synthesis mechanism of in-situ crystallization.After decades of de-velopment,in-situ crystallized heavy oil catalytic cracking catalyst has become increasingly mature in technology and shown its unique advantages in application,but its further development still faces challenges mainly in the following aspects: the research on the reaction mechanism based on in situ crystallized catalyst is lacked,further study is needed on the characterization of the catalyst,the theory of catalyst preparation technology needs to be developed and improved,the post-treatment process of catalyst is limited,and the tailored design of catalyst is still not achieved.
作者
杨娇
李铁森
彭瀚
刘缓
Yang Jiao;Li Tiesen;Peng Han;Liu Huan(CNPC EastChina Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao Shandong 266071)
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2021年第1期58-75,共18页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
原位晶化
重油
催化裂化
催化剂
in-situ crystallization
heavy oil
catalytic cracking
catalyst
