摘要
快速城镇化过程极大改变了区域生境的空间格局和功能要素,深刻影响生境斑块之间的物质流和能量流,同时对生境和生物多样性造成严重威胁。本研究采用InVEST模型、景观指数及多元线性回归,系统分析了1990—2018年黄土高原全域及人口密集区城镇化对生境质量影响的时空格局特征与因素。结果表明:黄土高原城镇扩张显著影响生境质量,1990—2018年间建设用地面积增幅49.6%,导致生境斑块的总面积减少5.2%。2010年后,城镇斑块面积上升,斑块密度和破碎度下降,使城镇生境质量呈现出"外高中低"的空间格局。人口密集区城镇扩张速率与生境质量呈现显著负相关,区域内生境质量平均值下降2.7%,生境退化水平上升33.4%。生境质量等级不稳定,高等级生境易转为低一等级,兰州、西安-咸阳和太原转化率分别为12.9%、2.9%和1.7%。本研究所用8个影响因素能有效解释生境质量的空间变化(R^(2)=68.7%),其中,人口密度和距道路距离是导致生境破碎化的主要因素,坡度、GDP及降水对生境空间格局优化具有积极作用。
The rapid urbanization has greatly changed the spatial pattern and function of regional habitats,profoundly affected the material flow and energy flow between habitats,and also posed a serious threat to habitats and biodiversity.Here,we used InVEST model,landscape index and multiple linear regression to systematically analyze the spatial and temporal variation and influencing factors for the impacts of urbanization on habitat quality in the Loess Plateau and the densely populated areas from 1990 to 2018.The results showed that the urban expansion of Loess Plateau significantly affected habitat quality.Between 1990 and 2018,the area of construction land increased by 49.6%,resulting in a 5.2%reduction in the total area of habitat patch.After 2010,the urban patch area increased,but the patch density and fragmentation decreased,resulting in a spatial pattern of"high outside and low inside"for urban habitat quality.The rate of urban expansion in densely populated areas was significantly negatively correlated with the habitat quality.The average value of habitat quality in the region dropped by 2.7%,whereas the level of habitat degradation increased by 33.4%.The level of habitat quality was unstable,and patches with high-level habitats were easily converted to lower level.The conversion rates of Lanzhou,Xi’an-Xianyang and Taiyuan were 12.9%,2.9%and 1.7%,respectively.There were eight influencing factors that could effectively explain the spatial variation of habitat quality(R^(2)=68.7%).Among those factors,population density and distance to roads were the main factors for the fragmentation of habitats,while slope,GDP and precipitation had positive effects on the optimization of habitat spatial patterns.
作者
周亮
唐建军
刘兴科
党雪薇
慕号伟
ZHOU Liang;TANG Jian-jun;LIU Xing-ke;DANG Xue-wei;MU Hao-wei(Faculty of Geomatics,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期261-270,共10页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41701173,41961027)
兰州交通大学优秀平台(201806)资助。
