摘要
The transformation of CO_(2)into cyclic carbonates via atom-economical cycloadditions with epoxides has recently attracted tremendous attention.On one hand,though many heterogeneous catalysts have been developed for this reaction,they typically suffer from disadvantages such as the need for severe reaction conditions,catalyst loss,and large amounts of soluble co-catalysts.On the other hand,the development of heterogeneous catalysts featuring multiple and cooperative active sites,remains challenging and desirable.In this study,we prepared a series of porous organic catalysts(POP-PBnCl-TPPMg-x)via the copolymerization metal-porphyrin compounds and phosphonium salt monomers in various ratios.The resulting materials contain both Lewis-acidic and Lewis-basic active sites.The molecular-level combination of these sites in the same polymer allows these active sites to work synergistically,giving rise to excellent performance in the cycloaddition reaction of CO_(2)with epoxides,under mild conditions(40℃ and 1 atm CO_(2))in the absence of soluble co-catalysts.POP-PBnCl-TPPMg-12 can also efficiently fixate CO_(2)under low-CO_(2)-concentration(15%v/v N2)conditions representative of typical CO_(2)compositions in industrial exhaust gases.More importantly,this catalyst shows excellent recyclability and can easily be separated and reused at least five times while maintaining its activity.In view of their heterogeneous nature and excellent catalytic performance,the obtained catalysts are promising candidates for the transformation of industrially generated CO_(2)into high value-added chemicals.
由于对化石燃料的高度依赖和二氧化碳(CO_(2))的过度排放,大气中CO_(2)浓度从280 ppm上升到400 ppm左右,导致全球变暖和其他气候问题.在这种情况下,如何有效降低空气中的CO_(2)浓度成为近年来最迫切的研究领域之一.另一方面,作为一种无毒、廉价且丰富的C1资源,CO_(2)也可以转化为各种高附加值的工业产品,如甲酸、一氧化碳、甲烷、甲醇以及碳酸酯等.其中CO_(2)与环氧化物转化生成环碳酸酯的环加成反应具有良好原子经济性,在近年来引起了人们的广泛关注.尽管已有多种多相和均相催化剂应用于该反应,但已有的催化剂特别是多相催化剂往往具有反应条件苛刻、催化剂易损失以及需要可溶性的共催化剂等缺点,从而限制了它们的进一步实际应用.因此,发展多相催化剂实现在温和和无共催化剂条件下的CO_(2)环加成转化仍是一个挑战.本文通过自由基共聚的方法,以乙烯基功能化的金属卟啉和季膦盐作为单体制备了一种新型多孔有机聚合物(POP-PBnCl-TPPMg-x).考虑到金属卟啉和季膦盐常作为CO_(2)环加成反应中的Lewis酸和Lewis碱活性中心,我们通过自由基共聚实现了这两种活性中心在分子水平上的结合与协同.所得的催化剂的组成和结构通过固体核磁、X射线光电子能谱、氮气吸附、扫描电子显微镜、透射式电子显微镜等手段进行了表征.值得指出的是,所得多相催化剂具有良好的CO_(2)吸附与富集效应,十分有利于CO_(2)的催化转化.我们以温和(40℃和1 atm CO_(2))并没有任何无可溶性共催化剂存在条件下,进行CO_(2)与环氧化物的环加成作为探针反应,测试了不同催化剂的催化活性.以催化剂POP-PBnCl-TPPMg-12为例,其催化活性远超过单组分的POP-PBnCl和POP-TPPMg多相催化剂,也超过了二者机械混合的POP-PBnCl+POP-TPPMg-12催化剂,接近均相催化剂PBnCl+TPPMg-12的水平.这表明通过共聚合方法所得
基金
国家自然科学基金(21902145)
浙江理工大学科研启动基金(18062303-Y).
