摘要
倒春寒是限制黄淮冬麦区小麦稳产和丰产的主要因素之一,选育抗倒春寒小麦新品种是降低倒春寒危害的重要手段,建立简单易行、易推广且全面系统的小麦抗倒春寒性能鉴定方法和指标体系对保障粮食安全有着重要意义。本文系统总结了冬小麦抗倒春寒鉴定的方法和指标,进行了比较和评价,并提出鉴定原则和程序。(1)鉴定方法方面,主要包括直接鉴定法、间接鉴定法和综合鉴定法等,直接鉴定法有田间自然鉴定法(引种栽培应用最广,但周期长、工作量大)、人工模拟气候室法(周期短、可重复性强,但对设备与技术要求较高)和生长恢复法(冬前冻害鉴定较多,抗倒春寒鉴定方面较少,一般与其它鉴定方法配合使用)等;间接鉴定法有助倒春寒危害温度阈值的研究,但目前指标与抗寒性关系还未有明确定论,应用受到限制;综合鉴定法鉴定结果全面而准确,但对技术、成本要求较高且工作量较大。因此,在鉴定过程中要结合实际情况合理搭配、综合运用。(2)鉴定指标方面,主要包括形态与农艺、生理生化、气象与生态指标等,形态与农艺指标一般用于田间自然鉴定法,常以数量、质量、颜色和形态变化等作为参考项;生理生化指标一般用于间接鉴定法,包括活性氧、渗透调节物质、内源激素含量、抗氧化酶活性以及光合与呼吸特性等;气象与生态指标常应用于各种鉴定方法,气温、地温、冠层温度、半致死温度和恢复生长最低温度常作为鉴定指标,而光照、CO2、湿度和肥力等因素会影响结果准确性。(3)关于鉴定原则与程序,本文提出了鉴定结果的地域性、指标选用的针对性、鉴定方法与指标的综合性和实用性等鉴定原则,并以易灾期、品种敏感期、敏感器官、鉴定方法和指标、低温程度、田间/盆栽试验、数学分析方法、抗寒性能评价与分级为主要流程的鉴定程序�
Late spring coldness is an important factor limiting the stable and high yield of wheat in Huang-huai winter wheat region.New wheat varieties with tolerance to late spring coldness is an important strategy to reduce the damage of late spring coldness.It is of great significance to establish a simple,easy to popularize and comprehensive evaluation methods and indices system of wheat tolerance to late spring coldness for ensuring food security.In this paper,the methods and indices for identification of winter wheat tolerance to late spring coldness were summarized,compared and evaluated,and the identification principles and procedures were also put forward.(1)The identification methods of winter wheat tolerance to late spring coldness mainly consisted of direct identification method,indirect identification method and comprehensive identification method.Direct identification methods consisted of field natural identification method,artificial climate chamber method and growth recovery method.The field natural identification method had the characteristics of most widely used in the introduction and cultivation,but it had long cycle and heavy workload.Artificial climate chamber method had the characteristics of short cycle and strong repeatability,but it had high requirements for equipment and technology.The growth recovery method was widely used in the identification of freezing injury before winter,but it was less used in the identification of tolerance to late spring coldness.The indirect identification method was helpful to study the temperature threshold of late spring coldness,but the relationship between the indices and cold resistance had not been clear,so its application was limited.The comprehensive identification method had the characteristics of comprehensive and accurate appraisal results,but it had high requirements for technology,cost and workload.Therefore,in the identification process,it was necessary to combine the actual situation,reasonable collocation and comprehensive use of a variety of methods.(
作者
张乐乐
陈翔
柯媛媛
柳彬彬
Muhammad Ahmad Hassan
张妍
许辉
李金才
ZHANG Le-le;CHEN Xiang;KE Yuan-yuan;LIU Bin-bin;MUHAMMAD Ahmad Hassan;ZHANG Yan;XU Hui;LI Jin-cai(College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University/Crop Cultivation Science Observatory in East China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rurad Affairs,Hefei 230036,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Crop Production in Jiangsu,Nanjing 210095)
出处
《中国农业气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第2期146-157,共12页
Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0300408)
安徽省自然科学基金(2008085QC122)
安徽省科技重大专项(202003b06020021)。
关键词
冬小麦
倒春寒
鉴定
指标
方法
Winter wheat
Late spring coldness
Identification
Index
Method
