摘要
大丈夫人格是孟子思想中的重要理论命题,也是中国古代传统文化中的一笔宝贵的精神财富。大丈夫人格的核心内容:一个人是否具有大丈夫人格,主要看其在“穷”和“达”两个方面的表现:达则为民谋利,穷则独善其身。孟子的修身理论只是对士人在穷困时期的一种道德要求,即为规避士人穷困时走向歧途。由于原始儒家对农家自耕自食理论的鄙视,使孟子的修身理论忽视了有关物质生活的需求和必要的农耕生产实践,从而使大丈夫人格的修身路径出现重大缺陷。先秦时期,孟派儒家既无法实现“达则兼善天下”的人生理想,也未能成为“独善其身”的世人楷模。但孟子的大丈夫人格和有关修身的理论框架为后世儒学者对其进一步完善提供了可能。东汉循吏群体的郡县治理,正是儒学士人“达则兼善天下”的成功表现;“耕学为业”即是东汉儒学隐居士人“穷则独善其身”时所选择的最佳路径。
The personality of being a great man is an important ideological proposition in Mencius’thought,and it is also a precious spiritual wealth in the traditional culture of ancient China.The core connotation of the personality is whether a man has the personality of a great man mainly depends on his performance when he is in poverty or in the chips.“Preserve your dignity as a nobody;promote the social well-fare as a somebody.”Mencius’ideology of self-cultivation is just a moral requirement for the intellectuals in the period of poverty to avoid their demoralization because of poverty.Due to the original Confucianism’s contempt against farming and self-feeding,Mencius’ideology of self-cultivation ignored the needs of material life and the necessary farming practice,which appeared to be the significant defects in the practice.In the pre-Qin period,Mencius could not realize the life ideal of“promoting the social well-fare as a somebody”,nor could they become the model of“preserving their dignity as a nobody”.However,Mencius’personality of being a great man and the theoretical framework of self-cultivation have made it possible for later Confucian scholars to make a further perfection of it.The governance of the county officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty was a full expression of the Confucian scholars’thought of“promoting the social well-fare as a somebody”.“Farming and learning”was the best way for the hermit scholars of the Eastern Han Dynasty to“preserve their dignity as a nobody”.
作者
胡克森
HU Kesen(Liberal Arts College, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China)
出处
《邵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第1期1-9,共9页
Journal of Shaoyang University:Social Science Edition
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“中国古代乡村‘耕读传家’传统习俗形成研究”(19BZS124)。
关键词
“大丈夫”人格
修身路径
实践缺陷
the personality of a great man
self-cultivation
defects in practice
