摘要
俄罗斯还不是真正意义上的移民国家,其接收各类外来移民(定居移民、劳务移民和留学移民等)的历史并不长。从国民性格角度看,俄罗斯社会缺乏安全感,在制定移民政策时,总是将安全考量放在第一位。俄移民领域的管理因而具有浓重的“强力”色彩,“经济”和“融合”的成分则相对不足。当前俄移民政策领域存在诸多弊端,如融合政策缺失,腐败问题严重,统计工作不到位,移民政策缺乏系统性和连贯性等。为构建具有吸引力的移民政策,俄罗斯学界提出很多建设性主张,如必须为引进和利用外国劳动力制定简单透明的规则和程序;必须使移民政策的实施由单独的联邦非强力部门主管;必须要有保障移民融合的基础设施,维护移民的权利,反对影子就业和社会隔离;公开承认移民对于国家经济的作用,对居民解释实行移民政策的各种动机,创造出移民和社会可以有效协作的氛围。这些主张能否得以落实,还有待进一步观察。
In a real sense,Russia is not a country of immigrants and its history of accepting all kinds of immigrants(settled immigrants,migrant workers and overseas students,etc.)is not long.From the perspective of national character,the Russian society lacks a sense of security,which makes security the first consideration when formulating immigration policies.Accordingly,the management of immigration issues in Russia has a strong"power"color wheres the elements of"economy"and"integration"are insufficient.Currently,there are many shortcomings in Russia's immigration policy,such as lack of integration policy,serious corruption,inadequate statistics,and lack of systemicity and consistency.In order to build an attractive immigration policy,Russian scholars have put forward many constructive proposals,including formulating simple and transparent rules and procedures to attract foreign labor,making the implementation of immigration policies be supervised by an independent federal department,improving infrastructure to guarantee the integration of immigrants,safeguarding the rights of immigrants,opposing shadow employment and social isolation,publicly recognizing the role of immigrants in the economy,fully explaining the reasons for implementing immigration policies to residents,and creating an atmosphere that the local society and immigrants can effectively cooperate.But in a sense,whether these proposals can be implemented remains to be observed.
出处
《俄罗斯学刊》
2021年第1期98-113,共16页
Academic Journal of Russian Studies
基金
国家社科基金项目《普京新任期供给端经济政策对中俄经贸分工格局影响研究》(项目批准号:18BGJ009)阶段性成果。
关键词
俄罗斯
移民政策
融合政策
移民统计
Russia
immigration policy
integration policy
immigration statistics
