摘要
地磁场源于地核流体的运动,至少已有约35亿年历史。地磁场的起源及演化一直是地球科学研究的前沿领域之一,这是因为它既是地球宜居环境的重要保障,也是探究地球系统各圈层联系的重要途径。本文重点围绕保留在岩石中的"深时"古地磁场记录,分析在地球内部磁场的形成与维持、地磁场极性倒转、以及地磁场强度变化等古地磁场研究三个方面的主要进展及面临的挑战。同时,结合古地磁测试技术的革新,磁发电机实验和超算模拟的应用,生物磁学的发展,阐述古地磁与地质学多学科交叉研究有望在揭示古地磁场变化及其对生物演化方面的贡献。对古地磁场变化的研究不仅有助于理解地磁场的起源与演化规律,也对认识地球的早期演化,甚至其它行星的演化有重要意义。
The Earth’s magnetic field is produced by convection of the molten outer core and has been in existence for at least 3.5 billion years.The origin and evolution of the geomagnetic field has been one of the scientific frontiers in earth science because it is crucial for the habitability of the Earth and also provides an important means of probing the connections between different spheres of the Earth system.This paper is focussed on the record of the deep-time geomagnetic field documented in rocks,and reviews the recent advances and grand challenges in the following:the origin and persistence of the geomagnetic field,magnetic field reversal,and paleointensity.In addition,we show the exciting opportunities in the interdisciplinary research of paleomagnetism and geology on elucidating changes in paleo-geomagnetic field and their impacts on biological evolution in light of the emergence of the novel paleomagnetic measurement techniques,application of analogue geodynamo modeling experiments,and super-computing facilities in numerical modeling,as well as rapid advances in biogeomagnetism.Research on the paleo-geomagnetic field changes will contribute to not only better understanding of the origin and evolution of the Earth’s magnetic field,but also the evolution of early stage of Earth’s history and even other planetary bodies.
作者
李永祥
刘欣宇
LI Yongxiang;LIU Xinyu(Institute of Continental Geodynamies,State Key Laboratory for Mineral De posits Research,School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023)
出处
《地质学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期64-74,共11页
Acta Geologica Sinica
基金
国家自然基金项目(编号41774075,41888101)资助的结果。
关键词
地磁场
磁发电机
极性倒转
古强度
古地磁
磁性地层
geomagnetic field
geodynamo
polarity reversal
paleointensity
paleomagnetism
magnetostratigraphy
