摘要
参考基因组是现代功能基因组学的核心框架,以此为基础的现代基因组学技术在过去20年对植物遗传变异发掘、功能基因克隆等研究起了巨大的推动作用。然而,越来越多的研究发现,单一或少数参考基因组不能完整代表和呈现物种或特定群体内的所有基因组变异,因此其在功能基因组学研究中应用存在很大的局限性,甚至会导致错误的结果。泛基因组是指物种或特定群体内全部基因或基因组序列的总和。泛基因组通过完整捕获和呈现群体内全部的基因或基因组序列,代替单一参考基因组应用于功能基因组学研究,可以突破单一参考基因组的局限性。泛基因组在植物功能基因组学研究中有广泛的应用,以泛基因组为基础,结合最新的基因组学技术可以高效、精准鉴定种质资源中的遗传变异。泛基因组研究是目前植物基因组学研究的前沿和热点。本文综述了泛基因组概念的起源和发展,泛基因组组装的技术和策略,以及泛基因组在植物基因组学研究和分子育种方面的应用和最新进展,最后对植物泛基因组研究目前存在的问题和今后研究方向进行了展望。本综述可为植物泛基因组研究和应用提供参考。
The reference genome provides a fundamental framework in the field of modern functional genomics.Modern genomic techniques based on reference genomes is the driving force for identification of genetic variations and functional gene cloning in the past two decades.However,with the progress of plant genome research,it is becoming visible that single reference genome cannot represent all the genomic variances within a species or a population.This consequence has become one of the limits for the functional genomic studies.Pangenome refers to the full complement of genes/genomic sequences within a population.By capturing and presenting all the genes/genomic sequences within a population,pangenome can be used as reference genome in functional genetic studies,to overcome the limit posed by single reference genome.While implementing in the state-of-art genomic techniques,pangenome can greatly improve the efficiency and precision of identification of genetic variations in plant germplasm,thus becoming one of the frontiers and hotspots in genomic research.In this review,we summarized the definition and recent progress in studies of pangenome,the techniques and strategies applied in pangenome assembly and construction,as well as the application of pangenome in plant genomic and molecular breeding.The current problems and future perspectives of plant pangenome were outlined.This review is expected to provide a better understanding and reference for future study and application of plant pangenome.
作者
赵均良
张少红
刘斌
ZHAO Jun-liang;ZHANG Shao-hong;LIU Bin(Rice research institute,Guangdong Academic of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding,Guangzhou 510640)
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期7-15,共9页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2020A1515010906)
科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)(R2019-JX001)
广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2018B020202004)
2019年省级现代农业科技创新联盟建设共性关键技术创新团队项目(2019KJ106)
广州市科技计划(201804020078)。
