摘要
新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)在全球大流行,给世界各国的医疗环境都带来了严重冲击。目前,其导致的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)缺乏特效的治疗方法,早发现、早报告、早隔离、早诊断便成为了遏制疫情传播的有效手段。由于临床表现和体征等方面对COVID-19诊断的灵敏性较差,因此医生需要通过实验室病毒核酸检测等手段以鉴别感染者和非感染者。本文综述了SARS-CoV-2基因组特征以及相关检测原理与细节。在COVID-19的不同阶段,不同检测的效果差异很大。RT-PCR核酸检测在感染早中期阶段较灵敏,血清学检测则可能识别感染后期阶段,可作为核酸检测阴性但疑似感染者的辅助检测手段。为避免出现"假阴性",造成误诊或漏诊,在病毒检测时应采用多指标联合,以弥补单一方法的不足。
Nowadays,the global pandemic of coronovirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has brought a severe impact on medical environment of the world because the lack of specific treatment and early detection of SARS-CoV-2 for timely diagnosis,isolation and registration of COVID-19 cases has become an effective mean to contain the pandemic.The sensitivity of COVID-19 case diagnosis is poor based on clinical manifestations and signs of the disease,so physicians need to identify infected and non-infected persons according laboratory detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test or other indicators.The study reviewed genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and its related detection principles.At different stages of COVID-19,the performance of different tests varied greatly.Realtime reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)based nucleic acid test is sensitive in the early and middle stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection,but serological detection,which may identify the late stage of the infection,could be used as an auxiliary detection to identify nucleic acid-negative but suspected infections.To avoid’false negative’resulting in misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis,the multi-index detections should be used in laboratory detections to make up for the deficiency of a singular test.
作者
董文学
李靖
张致英
赵志鹏
杨旭
康龙丽
DONG Wen-xue;LI Jing;ZHANG Zhi-ying(Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region,Xianyang,Shaanxi Province 712082,China;不详)
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期1838-1842,共5页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
基金
新冠肺炎疫情应急项目(XZMDYJ07,XZMDYJ10)。
关键词
新型冠状肺炎
新型冠状病毒
病毒基因测序
逆转录聚合酶链反应
特异性抗体
COVID-19
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
virus gene sequencing
real-time reverse transcriptases-PCR
specific antibody
