摘要
目的了解上海市疟疾消除后的流行病学特征,为制订输入性疟疾的防控策略和措施提供依据。方法收集2016—2019年上海市疟疾疫情信息和疟疾病例个案调查资料,采用SPSS22.0统计软件对疟疾病例的流行特征与感染诊治情况进行统计分析。结果2016—2019年上海市共报告疟疾183例,均为实验室确诊病例,其中恶性疟139例(占76.0%),卵形疟23例(占12.6%),间日疟11例(占6.0%),三日疟10例(占5.5%)。所有病例均为境外输入,分别来自非洲(178例,占97.3%)和东南亚(5例,占2.7%)。病例的男女性别比为10.4∶1,年龄30~<40岁(59例,占32.2%)。重症疟疾的初诊误诊比例51.6%(16/31)和超过3 d确诊比例38.7%(12/31)与非重症疟疾的27.0%(41/152)、13.8%(21/152)的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),1例重症病例导致死亡。结论疟疾消除以后上海市仍然面临境外输入的风险,首诊误诊和确诊时间延迟是重症疟疾发生的主要影响因素。建议有针对性地开展风险人群健康宣教、主动筛查以及诊疗技能培训,做到“早发现、早诊断、早治疗”,避免疟疾死亡病例的发生。
Objective To understand epidemiological characteristics of malaria cases reported in Shanghai,so as to provide scientific evidence for better prevention and control of malaria.Methods The data of malaria reported in Shanghai during 2016-2019 were collected from the Information Management System for Infection Disease Report and Information Management System for Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention,and the clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment were collected and statistically analyzed by SPSS22.0.Results Totally 183 malaria cases were reported in Shanghai during 2016-2019,all of them were laboratory confirmed cases,including 139 P.falciparum cases(76.0%),23 P.ovale cases(12.6%),11 P.vivax cases(6.0%),and 10 P.malariae cases(5.5%).All the cases were imported from Africa(n=178,97.3%)and southeast Asian(n=5,2.73%).Most of the cases fell into the age range of 30-<40 years(n=59,32.2%)with a male-to-female ratio of 10.4:1.There were significant differences(P<0.01)in the rate of misdiagnosis and the rate of over 3 days diagnosis between severe malaria(51.6%,16/31;38.7%,12/31)and non-severe malaria(27.0%,41/152;13.8%,21/152).One severe malaria case was finally dead.Conclusions Imported cases were still existed in Shanghai after malaria elimination.Misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis were the main factors for the occurrence of severe malaria.It is suggested to carry out health education,active screening and skill training of diagnosis and treatment to achieve"early detection,early diagnosis and early treatment",so as to avoid the occurrence of malaria deaths.
作者
朱民
吴寰宇
张宸罡
张耀光
王真瑜
马晓疆
ZHU Min;WU Huan-yu;ZHANG Chen-gang;ZHANG Yao-guang;WANG Zhen-yu;MA Xiao-jiang(Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China)
出处
《中国热带医学》
CAS
2021年第1期55-59,69,共6页
China Tropical Medicine
关键词
疟疾
恶性疟
卵形疟
间日疟
三日疟
输入性
流行特征
Malaria
falciparum malaria
ovale malaria
vivax malaria
quartan malaria
imported
epidemiological analysis
