摘要
光子气体和低温下强简量子气体都不是经典理想气体,通常的热波长没有意义。但是,它们存在每个粒子的平均动量,因此可以定义广义热波长.这个热波长是系统量子相干性的一个量度,在非简并条件下,实物粒子系统广义热波长回到通常的热波长.简并条件下,热力学系统的线度必须大于广义热波长,因此导致了对热力学系统出现相关现象的最小线度,即最小线度判据.本文利用这一判据给出了一些典型系统的最小线度.
Photon gas and highly degenerate quantum gases are not classical ideal gas at all,and each of them has its own mean momentum from which a generalized thermal wave length can be thus defined,and the usual thermal wave length is an irrelevant concept.For a non-degenerate system,this wave length converges to the usual thermal one form a matter particle.For a degenerate system,the dimension of thermodynamic system must be larger than this generalized thermal wavelength,which leads to a criterion on the minimum dimension of the thermodynamic system.For some typical systems,we use the criterion to give their minimum dimensions.
作者
李心宇
张子奕
王鑫
刘全慧
LI Xin-yu;ZHANG Zi-yi;WANG Xin;LIU Quan-hui(School for Theoretical Physics,College of Physics and Electronics,Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan 410082,China)
出处
《大学物理》
2021年第2期59-62,共4页
College Physics
基金
国家自然科学基金(11675051)资助。
关键词
热波长
量子气体
热力学极限
thermal wavelength
quantum gas
thermodynamic limit
