摘要
通过大田定位试验研究了全膜双垄沟播栽培(T1)和留膜留茬免耕栽培(T2)2种处理方式对旱地春玉米产量及耗水特征的影响。结果表明:留膜留茬免耕栽培处理对旱地玉米产量和耗水特征存在显著影响,并与降雨年型密切相关。与全膜双垄沟播栽培(T1)相比,季节性干旱平水年,留膜留茬免耕栽培(T2)能有效调节玉米耗水进程,花后和全生育期土壤耗水量显著增加9.3%和4.2%,穗粒数和百粒重显著提高了85.2%和7.0%,产量和水分利用效率显著增加16.3%和14.7%,明显提高了灌浆期叶面积指数4.7%,节省部分生产资料和劳动力投入,纯收益增加2.3%,节本增效和生态环境效应明显。因此,在本试验条件下,留膜留茬免耕栽培能显著提高季节性干旱平水年玉米花后耗水量和灌浆期叶面积指数,优化产量构成,显著提高产量和水分利用效率,可作为甘肃中部旱作区减灾栽培模式推广应用。
The location experiments were carried out to study the effects of double-ridge-furrow sowing(T1)and no-tillage plastic and stubble with residues(T2)on the yield and water consumption of spring maize in dry land.The results showed that the cultivation mode had a significant effect on the yield and water consumption of maize and was closely related to the rainfall pattern.Compared with the T1,the T2 could effectively regulate the water consumption process of maize in seasonal dry and plain water years.Besides,the T2 and the T1 significantly increased the soil water consumption after flowering and during the whole growth period by 9.3%and 4.2%respectively,the number of grains per spike and the weight of 100 grains by 85.2%and 7.0%,and the yield and water use efficiency by 16.3%and 14.7%.In addition,the leaf area index(LAI)of grouting stage was increased by 4.7%.It was found that no-tillage plastic and stubble with residues could significantly improve the water consumption and the LAI of maize after seasonal drought and plain water years,optimize the characteristics of panicle,and thus significantly improve the yield and water use efficiency,which can be used as the cultivation model of drought resistance and disaster reduction in dry farmland in central Gansu Province.
作者
张健
马明生
张建军
ZHANG Jian;MA Ming-sheng;ZHANG Jian-jun(Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dingxi 743000,Gansu Province,China;Institute of Dryland Farming,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2021年第1期65-69,共5页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41561067)
甘肃省自然科学基金项目(18JR3RA255)。
关键词
甘肃中部旱作区
玉米
留膜留茬免耕
产量
水分利用效率
dry farmland in Central Gansu Province
maize
no-tillage plastic and stubble with residues
yield
water use efficiency
