摘要
为了更深层次了解我国青少年女性体育参与率降低的原因,基于社会生态学模型,分别从个人、人际关系、社会环境、政策障碍因素四个维度设计问卷,对我国11个城市的800名14~17岁青少年女性展开调查,揭示影响我国青少年女性体育参与的主要障碍因素。研究发现14~17岁青少年女性能感知个人、人际关系、社会环境、政策障碍因素的影响。体育参与障碍因素对不经常参与运动的青少年女性影响较大,其中个人障碍因素对不经常参与运动的青少年女性影响较大,社会环境障碍因素对经常参与运动的女性影响较大;个人障碍因素中的生理期影响、运动中在意个人形象、没有时间、缺乏运动知识和技能,人际关系障碍因素中运动中缺少朋友陪伴、缺乏女性体育榜样、社会环境障碍因素中的自然环境、社会体育氛围,政策障碍因素中缺乏女性体育组织、参与时缺少适合女性使用的体育设施等都影响着青少年女性的体育参与。对策宏观上使用智慧化场馆管理照顾不同时间女性的运动需求,通过社会媒体和体育名人增加女性体育报道,改变女性在体育中的性别刻板印象等;微观上组织家庭体育活动或学校团体运动,邀请体育领域中的领军人物为青少年女性树立运动榜样等。
In order to further understand the reasons for the decrease of sports participation rate of the teenage girls in China,this study designed relevant questionnaires based on the social-ecological model from dimensions of individual,interpersonal relationship,social environment and policy barriers.Questionnaires were distributed to 800 young women aged 14-17 in 11 cities in China,using descriptive statistics,multiple linear regression and other mathematical methods statistical analysis.The results showed that 14 to 17-year-old girls could perceive the impact of individual,interpersonal relationship,social environment,and policy barriers.Sports participation barriers had a greater impact on girls who did not often participate in sports.Individual barriers had a greater impact on girls who did not often participate in sports.Social environmental barriers had a greater impact on girls who often participated in sports.Individual obstacles included the influence of physiological period,the concern of personal image in sports.Interpersonal barriers included the lack of friends in sports,the lack of female sports role models.Social environmental barriers included natural environment,social sports atmosphere.The lack of female sports organizations,the lack of sports facilities suitable for girls were barriers.Solutions based on the socio-ecological model used intelligent venue management to meet the sports needs of the girls at different times,increase sports reports on females through social media and sports celebrities,and change the gender stereotypes of women in sports.Moreover,family sports activities or school team sports,and leading figures in sports at all levels to sporting role models were effective measures.
作者
李敏
牛明天
张大超
常明杰
张慧清
李军言
LI Min;NIU Mingtian;ZHANG Dachao(School of P.E., Henan Univ., Kaifeng 475001, China;Henan Academy of Social Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China)
出处
《武汉体育学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期25-32,共8页
Journal of Wuhan Sports University
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(16BTY080)
河南省高等学校哲学社会科学创新团队(2018-CXTY-08)支持计划研究项目。
