摘要
施密特对马克思主义哲学的解释是以解释马克思的自然概念的内涵为基础和出发点的,他既不赞成哲学唯物主义从本体论的视角解释马克思的自然观念和唯物主义思想的做法,也不同意当代西方实证主义思潮和与之对立的以体验和解释的方法解释自然的做法,批评了卢卡奇所提出的"自然是一个社会范畴"的命题存在着将自然消溶于社会中的缺陷,强调马克思的历史唯物主义既具有同哲学唯物主义承认外部世界的客观性与优先性的共同点,又反对哲学唯物主义脱离实践和人类社会历史抽象地谈论自然,并将马克思的唯物主义解释为"本体论的唯物主义"的做法。施密特明确地把马克思的唯物主义规定为"非本体论"的唯物主义,通过分析社会规律和自然规律的区别、恩格斯自然辩证法思想的得失,反对对马克思的唯物主义思想的经济决定论的解释,形成了其系统的马克思主义哲学观。施密特的马克思主义哲学观与卢卡奇等人的理论在价值取向和理论内容上既具有一致性,又具有自身的理论特质,对后世西方马克思主义的理论建构产生了重要的影响。
Schmidt’s explanation of Marxist philosophy takes the connotation of Marx’s concept of nature as the foundation and starting point.He neither agrees with philosophical materialism to explain Marx’s concept of nature and materialism from the perspective of ontology,nor does he agree with contemporary Western positivism and the opposite approach to explaining nature through experience and interpretation.Criticism of Lukács’proposition that"nature is a social category"has the defect of dissolving nature in society,which emphasizes that Marx’s historical materialism has the same points as philosophical materialism in acknowledging the objectivity and priority of the external world.It also opposes the philosophical materialism which talks about nature in an abstract way by disconnecting practice and human social history,and interpretes Marx’s materialism as"ontological materialism".Schmidt clearly defined Marx’s materialism as"non-ontological"materialism.By analyzing the differences between social laws and natural laws,the gains and losses of Engels’natural dialectics,and opposing the interpretation of Marx’s materialist thought as economic determinism,he formed his systematic Marxist philosophy.Schmidt’s Marxist philosophy and Lukács’theories are not only consistent in value orientation and theoretical content,but also have their own theoretical characteristics,which has an important impact on the theoretical construction of subsquent Western Marxism.
作者
王雨辰
WANG Yu-chen(School of Philosophy,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,Hubei 430073,China)
出处
《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第1期1-9,共9页
Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(17AKS017)
中宣部文化名家暨“四个一批”自选项目(中宣办发[2015]49号)。
