摘要
制度霸权理论认为,争取地区霸权的核心是主导地区制度建设,提供经济稳定和开展地区合作是地区霸权的自然选择,但印度破坏南盟制度进程和忽视地区功能合作的“反常”行为对该理论提出了挑战。既有解释大多聚焦南亚国家建构历史、不对称的地区结构和印度的自我认知,较少关注印度南盟政策背后制度与权力的关系问题。作者认为,地区霸权的制度护持是印度南盟政策制定和变化的核心动力。印度利用区域制度和权力优势谋求制度护持的行为主要受到自身霸权护持压力和地区国家对制度功能需求的影响。这两个变量的组合可得出四种制度行为结果,对应印度制度护持的四种行为模式:制度非中性、制度制衡、制度私有化和单向支付。作者选取印度创设南盟、中断南盟进程、加快推进南亚自由贸易区以及选择性启用南盟四个案例对上述假定和框架进行验证。据此逻辑,印度在后疫情时代将面临更大的制度霸权困境。对印度案例的研究有助于丰富和深化我们对于复杂世界中不同地区霸权制度护持的认知和理解,同时可为中国南亚外交提供一定的启示,即应充分利用印度的霸权本质和制度局限,通过注入基于社会逻辑的制度设计,推动南亚次区域制度建设和地区霸权秩序转型。
The traditional theory of institutional hegemony holds that the core of striving for regional hegemony is to dominate the construction of regional institutions.It is the natural choice of regional hegemony to provide economic stability and carry out regional cooperation.However,India s“abnormal”behavior of undermining SAARC s institutional process and neglecting regional functional cooperation challenges the theory.Most of the existing explanations focus on the history of South Asian countries construction,asymmetric regional structure and India s self-perceptions,but pay less attention to the relationship between institution and power behind SAARC policy.The author believes that the institutional maintenance of regional hegemony is the primary driving force for the formulation and change of India s SAARC policy.India s behavior seeking institutional maintenance by use of regional institutions and asymmetric power is mainly affected by the pressure of Indian hegemony and the demand of regional countries for the development of institutional functions.The combination of these two factors can produce four institutional behavior results,corresponding to the four modes of Indian institutional maintenance behavior,namely,institutional non-neutrality,institutional balancing,institutional privatization and side-payments.To verify the above hypothesis and analytical framework,the author selects four cases,including India s position on the establishment of SAARC,the interruption of SAARC process,the acceleration of SAFTA process and the selective reviving of SAARC.According to this logic,India will face a greater dilemma of institutional hegemony in the post epidemic era.The study of India s case is helpful to enrich and deepen our cognition and understanding of the institutional maintenance of hegemonies in different regions of the complex world.At the same time,it can provide some enlightenment for China s South Asia diplomacy:we should make full use of India s hegemonic nature and institutional behavior limitations,
作者
吴琳
Wu Lin(the Institute of Asian Studies,China Foreign Affairs University)
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第12期52-76,157,158,共27页
World Economics and Politics
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“印度的印太战略与中国的对策研究”(项目批准号:18YJCGJW010)的研究成果。
关键词
印度外交
南盟
地区霸权
制度护持
Indian foreign policy
SAARC
regional hegemony
institutional maintenance
