摘要
负链RNA病毒是一类动植物上的重要病原,不仅危害人类、哺乳动物的健康,而且严重威胁家禽和农作物的安全生产.病毒反向遗传学体系是一种从cDNA克隆拯救病毒的现代病毒学分子操作技术,对于研究病毒侵染循环、致病机制和寄主相互作用至关重要.尽管动物负链RNA病毒反向遗传学体系的构建在20多年前就已取得成功,但植物负链RNA病毒的反向遗传学体系直到近年才有所突破.我国和美国科学家通过各种创新手段,相继成功构建了多种不分节段和分节段植物负链RNA病毒的反向遗传学体系,为植物负链RNA病毒的进一步深入研究提供了关键的技术体系,开启了植物负链RNA病毒研究的新时代.本文系统地回顾了植物负链RNA病毒反向遗传学体系的发展现状和最新研究进展,并对该领域未来发展方向和应用前景进行了探讨.
Negative-strand RNA(NSR) viruses contain not only medical important animal pathogens but also agricultural important plant pathogens. These NSR viruses cause deadliest diseases in humans, livestocks and agronomic crops and pose great threat to the health of human being and food security worldwide. The virus reverse genetics system is an important molecular genetic technology to study viral gene functions in virus infection cycle, disease pathology and virus-host interactions. For animal-infecting NSR viruses, the reverse genetics system has been established for more than twenty years. In contrast to the well-established reverse genetics systems for animal-infecting NSR viruses, establishment of such system for the plant-infecting NSR viruses turned out to be an extremely challenge work. Many research groups throughout the world have tried to use the similar strategies used for animal NSR viruses to establish reverse genetics systems for plant-infecting NSR viruses in the last twenty years but none of groups have succeeded. The absence of the reverse genetics system posed a major obstacle to molecular genetic manipulation and subsequent investigation of gene function and disease pathology for plant-infecting NSR viruses. Recently, big breakthroughs have been made in the establishment of the reverse genetics systems for plant NSR viruses by scientists from China and America, respectively. The systems were recently established for both nonsegmented and segmented plant NSR viruses. The reverse genetics system for a nonsegmented plant NSR virus was firstly developed for sonchus yellow net virus(SYNV), a non segmented nucleorhabdovirus NSR.Using the similar strategies as SYNV, barley yellow striate mosaic virus(BYSMV), a nonsegmented cytorhabdovirus NSR,was then succeeded in the establishment of reverse genetics system. The first reverse genetics system for a segmented plant NSR virus was developed using tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV), a tospovirus with tripartite negative-stranded/ambisense RNA genomes. The reverse g
作者
冯明峰
冯致科
李正和
王献兵
陶小荣
Mingfeng Feng;Zhike Feng;Zhenghe Li;Xianbing Wang;Xiaorong Tao(Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity,College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,Institute of Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;College of Biological Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第35期4073-4083,共11页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(31925032,31630062,31870143)资助。
