摘要
尉迟寺大汶口文化晚期设壕遗址是已知保存较为完整的新石器时代遗址,学界一般将其定性为小范围的中心聚落或村落。可是尉迟寺设壕遗址的遗存内容、组织方式及其与大汶口文化晚期遗址系统的关系,表明其不是一般的中心聚落或村落,而是一个与具体的地理—文化架构配合的,最大辐射范围可以达到7万平方千米的禁地型祭祀中心。不仅如此,从设壕遗址的型制及规模看,该祭祀中心应当受更高级别的权力控制,是更大的聚落系统中的一个单元。将这一单元置入同时期相关地区遗址系统,通过对禁地型祭祀中心的坐落、禁地型祭祀中心自身规模及其与较大遗址间的距离、禁地型祭祀中心的壕(垣)平面形态、禁地型祭祀中心的分布与文化类型分布间关系的考察可以看出,距今4800年前后,在大汶口文化晚期遗址涉及地区实行以祭祀中心为依托进行空间单元组织的做法。在大汶口文化晚期,以尧王城遗址为核心、涉及大汶口文化晚期遗址覆盖范围整体、面积达到25万平方千米,以权力赋予为基础、各空间单元高度协同、层级复杂的聚落体系已经存在。而这种聚落体系的存在,无论从哪个方面看,都应该是空间控制乃至规划发展到较高水平的表达。
Yuchisi Moat Site in the late Dawenkou Culture is a well-preserved Neolithic settlement site,often defined by the academic community as a small-scale central settlement or village.However,judging from its internal remains and its organization,its relationship with the late Dawenkou Cultural site system,Yuchisi Moat Site is not a common central settlement or village but a forbidden sacrifice center that corresponds with a specific geographical-cultural structure and has a maximum influence extent of about 70000 square kilometers.Moreover,judging from its pattern and scale,Yuchisi Moat Site was controlled by a higher level of power and was a unit in a larger settlement system.Placing the Yuchisi Site unit into the site system of the late Dawenkou Culture,this paper examines locations and scales of forbidden sacrifice centers,their distance from larger sites in their respective units,their moat(or wall)flat forms,and the relationship between distribution of forbidden sacrifice centers and distribution of cultural types.It concludes that,around 4800 years ago,the site of late Dawenkou Culture adopts the organizational method of space units supported by forbidden sacrifice centers.In the late Dawenkou Culture,a hierarchical complex settlement system,centering on the Yaowangcheng Site and covering the late Dawenkou cultural sites of about 250000 square kilometers,already existed;it was based on power empowerment and was a settlement system with high coordination among its units and with complex hierarchies.The existence of this settlement system,from whatever perspective,indicates an advanced level of space control and planning.
作者
王鲁民
范沛沛
杨一鸣
WANG Lumin;FAN Peipei;YANG Yiming(School of Architecture&Urban Planning,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China)
出处
《城市与区域规划研究》
2020年第1期41-61,共21页
Journal of Urban and Regional Planning
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“中国传统聚落型制史与建设性遗存的空间原意呈现型保护”(51678362)资助。
