摘要
“道家”一词的起源,时间下限当在汉文帝继位之前,时间上限难以确考,最晚也应当在战国末期,基本含义应当是“道术之家”或者关于某种“道”的专门学问、技艺等,对象指向存在一个历史演变的过程。西汉时期主要是指后世所称道家学派或治术及黄老等;至晚在东汉初年又可以指称“仙道”;魏晋南北朝时期道教快速发展,对道家学派形成一种覆盖态势,但是“道家”观念在道教群体内部并非流行概念。相反自东汉晚期开始,佛教群体亦大量使用“道家”一词,用以作为佛教自称,外道代称,在佛、道二教论争的语境中亦使用“道家”指称道教。而最晚在汉魏之际,“道家”一词的主要对象指向都已经形成,隋唐以后逐渐成为世俗学者及儒、释二教对道教的专称而沿用至今,但是其他用例并未废止。
The origin of Daojia was before the succession of Emperor Wen in the Western Han Dyansty,but we are not sure the earliest time,possibly tracing back to the end of the Warring States Period.It basically means"the home of Dao as Technique"or some specialized knowledge and skills about Dao,which is about historical evolution.During the Western Han period,Daojia mainly referred to the Taoist school,Technique of governance and Huanglao called by later generations;it can also refer to Taoism(becoming celestial being)in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty.Taoism developed rapidly in the Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties,which dwarfed Taoist school,but the concept of Daojia was not popular within the Taoists.On the contrary,since the late period of Eastern Han Dynasty,the Buddhists had also used Daojia extensively as Buddhism internal title and general title.In the dispute between Buddhism and Taoism,Daojia was also used to refer to Taoism.At the latest period between the Han Dynasty and Wei Dynasty,the main target of Taoism had come into being.After the Sui and Tang Dynasties,Taoism gradually became a term for secular scholars,Confucianism and Buddhism.It is still used today,and other use cases have not been abandoned either.
作者
李玉诚
LI Yucheng(School of History and Culture, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China)
出处
《信阳师范学院学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2021年第1期135-140,共6页
Journal of Xinyang Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社科基金项目(17CZS015)。
关键词
道家
道家学派
仙道
佛教
Daojia
Taoist School
Taoism
Buddhism
