摘要
针对我国华北平原一年两熟区玉米秸秆覆盖地小麦少免耕播种机作业时存在易堵塞、种床清洁率低等问题,设计了一种条带型行间侧抛清秸防堵装置。对清秸防堵装置工作时秸秆抛撒特性进行理论分析,明确影响清秸效果的关键因素为侧倾刀弯折角、弯折线夹角和回转半径。以作业扭矩、抛土量和种床清洁率为指标,通过离散元仿真并结合旋转正交回归试验,确定了清秸防堵装置较优参数组合为侧倾刀弯折角25°、弯折线夹角30°、回转半径250 mm,此时种床清洁率为80.5%、作业扭矩为47.2 N·m、抛土率为15.8%。配合清秸防堵装置,分别设计了一沟双行种肥分施开沟器、V型土壤导流板等部件。其中种肥分施开沟器前方装有定刀,可与防堵装置形成动定刀切割,提高了防堵性能;V型土壤导流板夹角为130°,可将抛起的土壤颗粒反弹回种床,增加了回土量。田间播种试验表明,所设计的行间侧抛清秸防堵装置未发生堵塞和缠草现象,种床清洁率为82.7%,作业扭矩为298.2 N·m,作业质量稳定,满足少免耕播种作业国标和农艺要求。
According to the existing problems of no/minimum-till wheat seeding in maize straw covered field in double-cropping system area in the North-China Plain,such as residue blockage,low cleanness of seedbed,a strip tillage inter-row residue side-throwing device for anti-blocking and seedbed-cleaning was developed.The blade tilt angle,tilt line angle and rotary radius were identified as the key parameters influencing seedbed cleaning in the straw throwing process during seeding operation.Through Box-Behnken central composite rotatable design experiment conducted by discrete element method(DEM)simulation,the optimal parameter of blade tilt angle was 25°,and tilt line angle was 30°,rotary radius was 250 mm,when torque requirement was 47.2 N·m,seedbed cleaning index was 80.5%,and soil throwing index was 15.8%.An seeding and fertilizing opener was designed with a fixed blade in the front which could coordinate with the rotating blade to re-cut residues for anti-blocking;a V-type board for soil guidance was designed with the angle of 130°which could rebound soil return to seedbed;and an anti-twinning board was designed which could increase rotor radius for anti-residue twinning.Field experiments showed that the seedbed-cleaning and anti-blocking device had a good anti-blocking performance,its seedbed cleaning rate was 82.7%,and torque requirement was 298.2 N·m.The seeding and fertilizing quality satisfied the national and standard agronomy requirement.
作者
赵宏波
何进
郑智旗
张振国
刘文政
ZHAO Hongbo;HE Jin;ZHENG Zhiqi;ZHANG Zhenguo;LIU Wenzheng(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期24-34,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2452016079)。
关键词
少免耕播种机
侧倾刀
行间侧抛
清秸防堵装置
no/minimum-till seeder
tilt blade
inter-row residue side-throwing
device for anti-blocking and seedbed-cleaning
