摘要
为探究夏玉米氮素转运利用规律、产量及土壤NO3--N含量分布对秸秆覆盖方式和施氮量的响应,在河套灌区开展2 a不同秸秆覆盖方式(秸秆表覆B处理、秸秆深埋S处理)和不同施氮水平(不施氮N0、低氮N1、中氮N2、高氮N3)的田间试验,以传统耕作模式为对照(CK处理)。结果表明:在0~100 cm土层,各处理NO3--N含量随施氮量增加而增大,成熟期B和CK处理随土层加深呈先减后增趋势,而S处理呈先增后减趋势;B处理提高0~20cm土层NO3^--N含量,而S处理提高20~40 cm土层NO3^--N含量(P<0.05);秸秆覆盖可减少0~100 cm土层NO3^--N累积损失量,且显著提高氮肥利用率及夏玉米氮素转运量对籽粒产量的贡献率,SN2处理效果较佳。相比CK处理,成熟期的SN2处理2a平均NO3^--N累积损失量降低39.6%,氮肥利用率较提高28.5%,夏玉米氮素转运量对籽粒产量的贡献率提高32.1%,增产9.3%。综合分析,秸秆深埋配施中氮效果较佳,可实现河套灌区夏玉米提效增产的目标,并减少深层土壤NO3--N累积损失量,为优化河套灌区夏玉米耕作施氮模式和缓解农业面源污染提供参考。
To explore the dynamic response of nitrogen transport of summer maize and distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen to different straw mulching methods and nitrogen application,the orthogonal field experiments were carried out in Hetao Irrigation District in 2017 and 2018.Two different straw mulching methods were set up including the straw surface covering treatment B and the straw deep burial treatment S.Four different nitrogen application rates were designed including no nitrogen application rate(N0),low nitrogen application rate treatment(N1),medium nitrogen application rate treatment(N2)and high nitrogen application rate treatment(N3).The traditional farming mode was used as contrast(CK)treatment.The results showed that in the soil layer between 0 and 100 cm,the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen increased with the increase of N application rate in each treatment.The B treatments significantly increased nitrate nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer,and the straw deep burial treatments significantly increased nitrate nitrogen content in 20-40 cm soil layer(P<0.05).With the increase of the soil depth,the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen increased first and then decreased by treatments S,while the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen decreased first and then increased by the straw surface covering treatments.No significant difference in soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation and loss was found between the straw surface covering treatments and CK treatment,but the straw deep burial treatments significantly reduced nitrate nitrogen accumulation and loss.In the soil layer of 0-100 cm,compared with summer maize jointing stage,the cumulative loss of nitrate nitrogen of SN2 treatment at the mature stage of summer maize was 39.6%lower on average than that in CK,which reduced the NO3^--N migration to deep soil and reduced the risk of groundwater pollution.Significant difference in nitrogen accumulation was found among different organs of summer maize.The interaction effects of straw mulching and N application rate on
作者
张万锋
杨树青
刘鹏
娄帅
孙多强
Zhang Wanfeng;Yang Shuqing;Liu Peng;Lou Shuai;Sun Duoqiang(Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第21期71-79,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学重点基金项目(51539005)
国家自然科学基金项目(51669019)。
关键词
秸秆
覆盖
氮
转运
夏玉米
面源污染
straw
mulching
nitrogen
translocation
summer maize
non-point source pollution
