摘要
随着南极变暖、海冰融化、生态系统变化,以及人类对自然资源的需求增加,南极生态环境保护正面临巨大挑战。在国际社会积极推动下,南极特别保护区已经从单一保护区发展为多类型保护区体系。目前,已有16个国家选划72个保护区,其中美国、英国、新西兰、澳大利亚与智利占主导地位,主要覆盖南极半岛与罗斯海维多利亚地地区,并通过发展南极保护生物地理区技术作为保护区的重要识别工具。然而,南极特别保护区体系仍然存在着总体发展进度减缓、保护区信息管理混乱、覆盖率偏低、代表性不足等一系列问题。针对以上问题,本文提出以履行南极环境保护职责为重要前提,加强南极环境保护科学合作为有效途径,积极应对南极气候变化为科学挑战,开展基于生态系统的南极海洋空间规划为发展方向的综合建议,期望推动南极特别保护区体系的进一步优化,以实现南极环境与生态系统的有效保护。
With the occurrence of warming,sea ice melting,ecosystem changes,and more human demands for natural resources,the protection of the Antarctic environment is facing great challenges.Under the active promotion of the international community,Antarctic Specially Protected Areas(ASPAs)have developed from a single reserve to a system with multiple types of reserve.At present,there are 72 ASPAs designated by 16 countries with the leading role of the United States,United Kingdom,New Zealand,Australia,and Chile.ASPAs system mainly covers the regions of Antarctic Peninsula and Ross Sea Victoria Land,and establishes the Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions(ACBRs)as dynamic model for reserve recognition.However,there are many problems in the ASPAs system,such as slow progress of development,disordered information management,low coverage rate of the areas,and insufficient representation of the reserve.To solve those problems,it is important to fulfill each party’s duty of the Antarctic environmental protection as the premise,to strengthen scientific cooperation as an effective way,to cope with the Antarctic climate change as the primary challenge,to conduct ecosystem-based Antarctic Marine Spatial Planning(MSP)as the development direction,eventually to promote further development of ASPAs system,and to fully implement the effective protection for the Antarctic environment and ecosystems.
作者
李学峰
陈吉祥
岳奇
周启星
张祥国
LI Xue-feng;CHEN Ji-xiang;YUE Qi;ZHOU Qi-xing;ZHANG Xiang-guo(National Ocean Technology Center,Tianjin 300112,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300112,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期4193-4205,共13页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家海洋局极地考察办公室南北极环境综合考察评估与管理项目“极地考察业务化与科研”(Y2200JD01)
天津市留学人员科技活动启动项目择优资助计划“南极海洋空间规划编制研究”(Y2200QF01)。
关键词
南极条约
环境保护
南极特别保护区
南极保护生物地理区
Antarctic Treaty
environmental protection
Antarctic Specially Protected Areas
Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions
