摘要
针对山东省旱作灌溉区种植模式多样、技术模式不统一,影响全程机械化经济效益问题,研究小麦—玉米周年轮作下耕、种、管、收全程机械化技术模式,总结小麦—玉米全程机械化技术路线,构建基于区域特色的成本分析与经济效益评价方法,分析小麦—玉米全程机械化技术成本、占比及收益,筛选并比较山东省旱作灌溉区主要技术模式组合。分析发现,小麦—玉米周年轮作模式下耕种管收各环节成本支出范围为10500~16500元/hm 2,土地承包费范围为3000~16500元/hm 2,经济效益为1500~7500元/hm 2;优化筛选以深翻、旋耕、免耕三年轮作+二次镇压+小麦宽苗带播种技术以及玉米免耕播种+水肥一体化+联合收获(穗茎兼收/青贮)技术的模式组合。研究结果可为山东省旱作灌溉区小麦—玉米全程机械化技术模式优选、农机农艺深度融合、农业合作社的生产等方面提供技术参考。
Based on the problems existing in Shandong Province,such as the diversity of planting modes and the disunity of technical modes,which affect the economic benefits of the whole mechanization,in this paper,different technical models of tillage,sowing,field management,harvesting and other full mechanization under wheat maize annual rotation mode were studied.The whole mechanization technology route of wheat corn was summarized,cost analysis and economic benefit evaluation method based on regional characteristics were constructed,the cost,proportion and benefit of wheat maize whole mechanization process were analyzed,main technical pattern combinations of dry farming irrigation area in Shandong Province were screened and compared.The study found that,in the process of annual wheat maize rotation,the cost of farming,planting,management and collection ranged from 10500 to 16500 yuan/hm 2,land contract fee ranged from 3000 to 16500 yuan/hm 2,and economic benefit was between 1500 and 7500 yuan/hm 2.The combination of deep ploughing,rotary tillage and no tillage three-year rotation+secondary suppression+wheat wide seedling belt sowing technology and maize no tillage sowing+water and fertilizer integration+combined harvest(spike and stem harvest/silage)technology were optimized and screened.The results of this study can provide a reference for the optimization of wheat maize mechanization technology mode and the deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy in Shandong Province.
作者
姚艳春
刘元义
牛国栋
张银平
耿端阳
刁培松
Yao Yanchun;Liu Yuanyi;Niu Guodong;Zhang Yinping;Geng Duanyang;Diao Peisong(College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo,255000,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Machinery and Information,Zibo,255000,China)
出处
《中国农机化学报》
北大核心
2020年第12期6-11,共6页
Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFD0300607)。
关键词
旱作灌溉区
小麦
玉米
全程机械化
技术模式
经济效益
dry farming irrigation area
wheat
corn
completely mechanized
technical mode
economic benefit
