摘要
城市规模工资溢价表示工资的城市规模弹性,可以衡量个体从城市增长中获得的收益。本文从城市规模工资溢价的视角,探讨流动人口工资差异及其影响路径。利用2016年流动人口监测数据实证研究发现:流动人口获得了城市规模工资溢价,但也呈现出户籍差异,相比农业户籍(乡—城)流动人口,非农户籍(城—城)流动人口获得的工资溢价更高。该结论对于名义工资、分别经CPI平减和扣除生活成本的实际工资都成立,并在使用历史人口和城市地理特征作为城市规模的工具变量控制内生性、使用倾向得分匹配方法克服自我选择偏误后,实证结果依然稳健。本文进一步探讨了流动人口城市规模工资溢价户籍差异的形成路径,研究发现:技能差异不能完全解释溢价的户籍差异,农业户籍流动人口依靠社会网络搜寻工作、不签订劳动合同的就业方式阻碍了他们获取充分的规模溢价。基于路径分析,本文认为,拓宽农业流动人口的就业渠道、加强对非正规就业的监督和劳动合同的保护是实现城市发展成果户籍无差异共享的有效措施。
The city size wage premium(or urban wage premium)represents the elasticity of wage to city size,and measures the benefits of individuals obtaining from growing cities.Based on the perspective of city size wage premium,this paper discusses wage differentials among migrants and their causal mechanisms.Utilizing the data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2016,this paper finds that migrants obtain city size wage premium,which varies among migrants with different types of hukou,however.Compared with migrants with rural hukou,migrants with urban hukou receive higher wage premium.These results are valid for nominal wages as well as real wages deflated by CPI and cost of living.And after using historical city population size and urban geographic characteristics as instrumental variables for city size to deal with endogeneity,and propensity score matching methods to correct the self-selection bias,the empirical results are still robust.This paper further explores the causal mechanisms of the differences in wage premium among migrants with different types of hukou.It is found that skill differences cannot fully explain the differences in wage premium by hukou.Relying on social networks to search for jobs and signing no labor contracts prevent migrants with rural hukou from obtaining sufficient city size wage premium.Based on the path analysis,we believe that broadening employment opportunities for migrants with rural hukou,strengthening the supervision of informal employment and enforcing the labor contract law are effective measures to achieve the equal sharing of urban development achievements.
作者
潘丽群
陈坤贤
李静
PAN Liqun;CHEN Kunxian;LI Jing(Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,China;Jinan University,Guangzhou,China;Xiamen University,Xiamen,China)
出处
《经济学动态》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第9期111-129,共19页
Economic Perspectives
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(72003052)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJC790122,20YJC790063)的资助。
