摘要
以甜菜(Beta vulgaris)‘BETA 356’为试材,研究调亏灌溉条件下施氮量[氮素施用量设3个水平,即甜菜(Beta vulgaris)生育期内分别施纯氮0 kg·hm^-2(N0)、150 kg·hm^-2(N1)、225 kg·hm^-2(N2),以不施氮处理为对照(即N0)]与基追比[即在播种前、叶丛期、块根膨大期施氮比例分别为20:60:20(T1)、30:50:20(T2)、40:40:20(T3)]对甜菜光合生理特性及产量的影响。结果表明:调亏灌溉后施氮肥使甜菜在叶丛期和块根膨大期叶片保持较高的气体交换参数,至糖分积累期各处理均有一定程度降低,其中蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)下降明显;叶丛期调亏灌溉下的N1、N2处理光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光合量子产量(Fv/Fm)显著高于N0,随苗后追肥量增加而减小,但在块根膨大期和糖分积累期处理间差异不显著,PSⅡ实际光合量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、PSⅡ电子传递速率(ETR)和非光化学猝灭(NPQ)表现为相同的变化趋势;初始斜率(α)在叶丛期和块根膨大期的N1T3处理下最大,而糖分积累期在施氮量、基追比间无显著差异,最大电子传递速率(ETRmax)在全生育期变化趋势与初始斜率基本一致;进行调亏灌溉后增施氮肥会增加甜菜的单株重和块根产量,但降低了含糖率,在150 kg·hm^-2的施氮量下以T1(20:60:20)基追模式产糖量最高,施用过多氮肥对产糖量无显著促进作用,与不施氮处理相比,相对产量和产糖量都有显著提高,因此,在干旱区滴灌甜菜种植中在T1(20:60:20)基追比模式下施用150 kg·hm^-2氮素对调亏灌溉具有一定的调节作用。
Three nitrogen treatments and three application ratios were used to study the effects of nitrogen management on the photosynthetic physiology characteristics and yield of sugar beet under regulated deficit irrigation in arid areas.The results showed that the beet leaves maintained high gas exchange parameters during the canopy development and storage root development,and all treatments decreased to a certain extent during the sugar accumulation growth,in which the transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) decreased significantly.Maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) of N1 and N2 treatments were significantly higher than that of N0 under moderately regulated deficit irrigation at the canopy development,but decreased with the increase of topdressing after seedlings.There was no significant difference between the treatments of storage root development,and sugar accumulation growth,the actual quantum yield of PSⅡ (ΦPSⅡ),PSⅡ electron transfer rate (ETR)and non photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) showing the same trend of change.The initial slope (ɑ)was the largest under N1T3 treatment in the canopy development and storage root development,but there was no significant difference between the nitrogen application rate and the base-to-top ratio during the sugar accumulation growth.The change trend of the maximum electron transfer rate (ETRmax) during the whole growth period was basically consistent with the initial slope.Increasing nitrogen application after regulated deficit irrigation will increase the plant weight and yield of sugar beet and reduce the sugar content.Under the nitrogen application amount of 150 kg·hm^-2,the sugar production will be based on T1 (20:60:20) mode at the highest level,the application of too much nitrogen had no significant effect on the sugar production,but compared with the treatment without nitrogen,the relative yield and sugar production were significantly increased.
作者
周红亮
张丽娟
刘宁宁
费聪
陈燕
戴宇祥
苏继霞
樊华
ZHOU Hongliang;ZHANG Lijuan;LIU Ningning;FEI Cong;CHEN Yan;DAI Yuxiang;SU Jixia;FAN Hua(College of Agronomy,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China;Department of Agricultural Production,Teaching Laboratory,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)
出处
《植物生理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第10期2168-2178,共11页
Plant Physiology Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金(31660360和31771720)
兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划(2018CB029)
石河子大学国际科技合作推进计划(GJHZ201706)。
关键词
调亏灌溉
氮素管理
滴灌甜菜
气体交换参数
叶绿素荧光
regulated deficit irrigation
nitrogen management
drip irrigation sugar beet
gas exchange parameter
chlorophyll fluorescence
