摘要
文中利用GIS软件对青岛地区全新世聚落遗址的高程、坡度、坡向以及濒河度等指标进行研究,分析该时期聚落遗址的时空分布规律,结合研究区全新世时期的气候变化以及海平面变化特征,探讨聚落遗址时空分布与环境演变之间的关系。结果表明:1)青岛地区远古文化序列为大汶口文化-龙山文化-岳石文化,缺失后李文化和北辛文化,与大汶口文化和龙山文化相比,岳石文化地域收缩剧烈,遗址数量和密度大大下降。2)青岛地区全新世聚落遗址的高程、坡度、坡向和濒河度等有一定的分布特征。聚落遗址主要集中分布在0-70m的高程范围,从坡度来看,主要分布在0-4°的沿海滨海低地和河流沿岸的冲积平原,同时聚落遗址的濒河度不断提高。3)聚落遗址的数量波动和空间分布与气候变化、海平面变化具有直接的联系。距今6100-4600 a B.P.期间,在海平面不断上升的环境下,人类活动主要集中在北部和东部海拔较高的地区,而南部遗址相对较少;4600-4000a B.P.期间,海平面逐渐降低,人类活动逐渐向海的方向扩展,在距今4000年左右,出现剧烈降温事件,超出了人类的适应能力,岳石文化出现地域收缩的现象,并且活动范围逐渐靠近河流,表明环境演变影响着青岛地区文化的分布、延伸和演变等,研究结果对后续理解气候变化与人类活动耦合作用规律具有重要的科学意义和参考价值。
In this study,GIS software was used to study the elevation,slope,aspect and riverside degree of Holocene settlement sites in Qingdao.By analyzing the law of spatial-temporal distribution of the sites and combining it with the characteristics of climate change and sea level change in Qingdao during the Holocene,we discussed the relationship between the spatial-temporal distribution and environmental evolution of the sites.The findings are as follows.Firstly,the sequence of ancient cultures in Qingdao were Dawenkou-Longshan-Yueshi,showing no signs for the subsistence of Houli and Beixin cultures.Compared with the Dawenkou and Longshan cultures,Yueshi culture was characterized by significant regional shrinkage as well as greatly reduced number and density of sites.Secondly,there were certain distribution characteristics in terms of elevation,gradient,aspect and extent of proximity to rivers concerning the Holocene settlement sites in Qingdao.The sites were mainly distributed at an elevation of 0-70 m,or in terms of slope,in the 0-4°coastal lowlands and alluvial plains along rivers,with a growing proximity to rivers.Thirdly,the number fluctuation and spatial distribution of the sites were directly associated with the climate and sea level changes.In 6100-4600 a B.P.,when the sea level increased constantly,human activities were mainly found in the high-altitude northern and eastern regions,but rarely in southern sites;in 4600-4000 a B.P.,when the sea level gradually declined,human activities were extended seawards.approximately 4000 years ago,severe cooling events occurred,which exceeded the adaptability of human beings.The regional contraction of Yueshi culture occurred,and its activity range was gradually close to the river,which indicated that the environmental evolution affected the distribution,extension and evolution of Qingdao regional culture.The research results have important scientific significance and reference for the follow-up understanding of the coupling law of climate change and human activities Test
作者
张丽娜
王肖惠
姜川
王丽彬
刁莹德
王龙升
ZHANG Lina;WANG Xiaohui;JIANG Chuan;WANG Libin;DIAO Yingde;WANG Longsheng(School of Resource and Environment Engineering,Ludong University,Yantai 264025;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062;Yantai Yuetu Information Co.Ltd,Yantai 264003,China)
出处
《干旱区资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第11期72-77,共6页
Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41702185)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2018PD005)
教育部人文社科基金项目(19YJCZH171)
河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLEC-KF201801)资助。
关键词
全新世
遗址的时空分布
气候变化
海平面变化
青岛
Holocene
spatial-temporal distribution of the sites
climate change
sea level change
Qingdao
